Magnetic biosensing is emerging as a promising alternative to conventional optical and label-free methods for chemical and biological analysis. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and implement CMOS oscillator circuits suitable for resonance-shift-based magnetic sensors, motivated by literature results that highlight the decisive role of oscillator performance in determining both sensitivity and stability. The study was carried out in the Cadence design environment using UMC180 CMOS technology. Three Class-F oscillator configurations, based on a parallel-resonant-tank LC topology, were designed and investigated: the first exploits a tuning mechanism composed of a fixed Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitor and a fine-tuning varactor; the second introduces a stacked version of the active pair, still combined with a fixed MIM capacitor and fine tuning; while the third implements a 3-bit MIM capacitor bank for coarse tuning in combination with fine tuning. Simulation results of output waveforms, gate voltages and currents demonstrate the feasibility of achieving stable oscillation under standard CMOS constraints. Finally, equivalent resistance extracted from AC analysis, as well as Figures of Merit computed from phase noise simulations, are presented to compare the three configurations and evaluate their performance.
La biosensoristica magnetica si sta affermando come un’alternativa promettente ai metodi ottici e label-free convenzionali per l’analisi chimica e biologica. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è investigare e implementare circuiti oscillatori CMOS adatti a sensori magnetici basati sullo spostamento di risonanza, partendo dai risultati presenti in letteratura che evidenziano il ruolo determinante delle prestazioni dell’oscillatore nel definire sensibilità e stabilità. Lo studio è stato condotto nell’ambiente di progettazione Cadence utilizzando la tecnologia CMOS UMC180. Sono state progettate e analizzate tre configurazioni di oscillatori Classe-F basate su una topologia LC a risonanza parallela: la prima impiega un meccanismo di tuning composto da un condensatore Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) fisso e un varactor per il fine tuning; la seconda introduce una versione “stacked” della coppia attiva, ancora combinata con un MIM fisso e una fine tuning; mentre la terza implementa un banco di condensatori MIM a 3 bit per il coarse tuning, in combinazione con il fine tuning. I risultati di simulazione delle forme d’onda di uscita, delle tensioni di gate e delle correnti dimostrano la fattibilità di ottenere un’oscillazione stabile entro i vincoli tipici della tecnologia CMOS. Infine, la resistenza equivalente estratta tramite analisi in AC e le Figure di Merito calcolate dalle simulazioni di rumore di fase vengono presentate per confrontare le tre configurazioni e valutarne le prestazioni.
Analysis and design of class-f oscillators for CMOS magnetic sensors
ALDENI, GIORDANO-BRUNO
2024/2025
Abstract
Magnetic biosensing is emerging as a promising alternative to conventional optical and label-free methods for chemical and biological analysis. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and implement CMOS oscillator circuits suitable for resonance-shift-based magnetic sensors, motivated by literature results that highlight the decisive role of oscillator performance in determining both sensitivity and stability. The study was carried out in the Cadence design environment using UMC180 CMOS technology. Three Class-F oscillator configurations, based on a parallel-resonant-tank LC topology, were designed and investigated: the first exploits a tuning mechanism composed of a fixed Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitor and a fine-tuning varactor; the second introduces a stacked version of the active pair, still combined with a fixed MIM capacitor and fine tuning; while the third implements a 3-bit MIM capacitor bank for coarse tuning in combination with fine tuning. Simulation results of output waveforms, gate voltages and currents demonstrate the feasibility of achieving stable oscillation under standard CMOS constraints. Finally, equivalent resistance extracted from AC analysis, as well as Figures of Merit computed from phase noise simulations, are presented to compare the three configurations and evaluate their performance.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247406