This thesis addresses the persistent academic challenge concerning the systematic underperformance and inherent opacity within the structured products (SPs) market, particularly focusing on how information asymmetry is leveraged across different investor segments. While existing literature extensively documents the mispricing and complexity exploitation faced by retail buyers, this research provides a nuanced analysis of the sell-side strategy, differentiating issuance practices based on transaction structure and investor bargaining power. The central finding demonstrates that the market is sharply segmented by investor sophistication and negotiating capability. For the high-volume segment of retail standardised products, the analysis validates the consensus that the market operates inefficiently; these products are characterised by high, opaque embedded fees and are strategically designed to exploit investor biases, resulting in persistent negative risk-adjusted returns and a substantial wealth transfer to the issuer. In direct contrast, bespoke private placements for institutional and high net worth clients facilitate a fairer risk-return trade-off. Sophisticated investors leverage their ability to solicit competitive quotes from multiple issuers, forcing profit margins to compress and driving prices closer to theoretical fair value.
Questa tesi affronta la persistente sfida accademica relativa alla sistematica sottoperformance e all'intrinseca opacità del mercato dei prodotti strutturati (SP), concentrandosi in particolare su come l'asimmetria informativa viene sfruttata nei diversi segmenti di investitori. Mentre la letteratura esistente documenta ampiamente il mispricing e lo sfruttamento della complessità cui sono soggetti gli acquirenti al dettaglio, questa ricerca fornisce un'analisi della strategia sell-side, differenziando le pratiche di emissione in base alla struttura delle transazioni e al potere contrattuale degli investitori. Il risultato principale dimostra che il mercato è fortemente segmentato in base alla sofisticatezza degli investitori e alla loro capacità di negoziazione. Per i prodotti standardizzati al dettaglio ad alto volume, l'analisi conferma il consenso secondo cui il mercato opera in modo inefficiente; questi prodotti sono caratterizzati da commissioni elevate e opache e sono strategicamente progettati per sfruttare i pregiudizi degli investitori, con conseguenti rendimenti negativi corretti per il rischio e un sostanziale trasferimento di ricchezza all'emittente. In netto contrasto, i collocamenti privati su misura per clienti istituzionali e con un patrimonio netto elevato hanno un compromesso più equo tra rischio e rendimento. Gli investitori sofisticati sfruttano la loro capacità di sollecitare quotazioni competitive da più emittenti, costringendo ad una riduzione dei margini di profitto e avvicinando i prezzi al valore equo teorico.
Structured products across investor segments: pricing, complexity, and bargaining power from retail to private placements
De ROSA, EDOARDO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis addresses the persistent academic challenge concerning the systematic underperformance and inherent opacity within the structured products (SPs) market, particularly focusing on how information asymmetry is leveraged across different investor segments. While existing literature extensively documents the mispricing and complexity exploitation faced by retail buyers, this research provides a nuanced analysis of the sell-side strategy, differentiating issuance practices based on transaction structure and investor bargaining power. The central finding demonstrates that the market is sharply segmented by investor sophistication and negotiating capability. For the high-volume segment of retail standardised products, the analysis validates the consensus that the market operates inefficiently; these products are characterised by high, opaque embedded fees and are strategically designed to exploit investor biases, resulting in persistent negative risk-adjusted returns and a substantial wealth transfer to the issuer. In direct contrast, bespoke private placements for institutional and high net worth clients facilitate a fairer risk-return trade-off. Sophisticated investors leverage their ability to solicit competitive quotes from multiple issuers, forcing profit margins to compress and driving prices closer to theoretical fair value.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247440