This thesis explores the spatial future of the IJsselmeer region in the context of climate change and sea-level rise. Whereas Dutch delta policy has long been defined by control and protection, this research focuses on adaptation and resilience: how can the landscape evolve in a future shaped by both drought and salinisation? Through design research, two contrasting scenarios were developed. The Freshwater Scenario seeks to preserve the existing system through paludiculture, rabat forests, and green-blue networks. The Saltwater Scenario embraces controlled salinisation, introducing double-dike systems, tidal wetlands, and saline agriculture. Both illustrate how soil, water, and ecology can function as spatial design drivers. The comparison reveals that the freshwater approach maintains agricultural continuity and cultural identity but remains vulnerable to drought and artificial regulation. The saltwater approach, by contrast, enhances ecological resilience, sedimentation, and biodiversity, yet requires a profound transformation of agriculture and governance. The thesis concludes that the future of the IJsselmeer cannot rely on a single path. A hybrid system, combining inland freshwater buffering with coastal saline adaptation, offers the most robust strategy. This vision represents a shift from technical control toward landscape coexistence—a new understanding of the Dutch delta as a climate-adaptive landscape, where water is once again recognised not as a threat, but as a design force.
Questa tesi esplora il futuro paesaggistico dell’area dell’IJsselmeer nel contesto del cambiamento climatico e dell’innalzamento del livello del mare. Mentre la politica olandese delle dighe è tradizionalmente orientata al controllo e alla protezione, questa ricerca pone l’accento su adattamento e resilienza: come può il paesaggio evolversi in un futuro segnato da siccità e salinizzazione? Attraverso la ricerca progettuale, sono stati sviluppati due scenari. Lo Scenario d’acqua dolce mira a conservare il sistema esistente tramite paludicoltura, foreste a fossati (rabat forests) e reti verdi-blu. Lo Scenario salato accoglie la salinizzazione controllata, introducendo sistemi a doppia diga, zone umide tidali e agricoltura salmastra. Entrambi mostrano come suolo, acqua ed ecologia possano diventare strumenti di progetto. Il confronto evidenzia che lo scenario dolce mantiene la continuità agricola ma resta vulnerabile alla siccità; quello salato rafforza biodiversità e sedimentazione, ma richiede una profonda transizione economica e gestionale. La ricerca conclude che il futuro dell’IJsselmeer risiede in un sistema ibrido, che unisce la ritenzione di acqua dolce all’interno con l’adattamento salino lungo le coste. Questa visione segna il passaggio dal controllo tecnico alla coesistenza paesaggistica – un nuovo modo di intendere il delta olandese come paesaggio adattivo al clima, in cui l’acqua torna ad essere una forza di progetto.
Landscape strategies for a climate-adaptive IJsselmeer area 2100 : design research into the spatial implications of fresh and saltwater scenarios in the Netherlands
Kobeleva, Alexandra
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis explores the spatial future of the IJsselmeer region in the context of climate change and sea-level rise. Whereas Dutch delta policy has long been defined by control and protection, this research focuses on adaptation and resilience: how can the landscape evolve in a future shaped by both drought and salinisation? Through design research, two contrasting scenarios were developed. The Freshwater Scenario seeks to preserve the existing system through paludiculture, rabat forests, and green-blue networks. The Saltwater Scenario embraces controlled salinisation, introducing double-dike systems, tidal wetlands, and saline agriculture. Both illustrate how soil, water, and ecology can function as spatial design drivers. The comparison reveals that the freshwater approach maintains agricultural continuity and cultural identity but remains vulnerable to drought and artificial regulation. The saltwater approach, by contrast, enhances ecological resilience, sedimentation, and biodiversity, yet requires a profound transformation of agriculture and governance. The thesis concludes that the future of the IJsselmeer cannot rely on a single path. A hybrid system, combining inland freshwater buffering with coastal saline adaptation, offers the most robust strategy. This vision represents a shift from technical control toward landscape coexistence—a new understanding of the Dutch delta as a climate-adaptive landscape, where water is once again recognised not as a threat, but as a design force.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Master landscape architecture - Land Ladscape heritage thesis Alexandra Kobeleva.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247501