Biodiversity loss represents one of the most critical and complex challenges of the twenty-first century, deeply intertwined with global production systems and business practices. Although innovation has been widely recognized as a key support factor for sustainable growth, the specific relationship between innovation and biodiversity remains insufficiently explored. Existing research has predominantly examined the relationship between business and biodiversity, without fully capturing how diverse actors interact to develop, implement, and scale biodiversity-oriented solutions. This Master’s Thesis addresses this gap by developing and empirically validating a framework for innovation and collaboration for biodiversity, grounded in the analysis of 173 Italian startups and SMEs and complemented by three in-depth case studies and four multi-actor workshops. The research adopts a qualitative and multi-method approach, combining database analysis, semi-structured interviews, and direct observations to map the structure and dynamics of the biodiversity innovation ecosystem. Findings reveal that effective biodiversity solutions emerge from the interplay between supply-side innovators, startups and SMEs developing new technologies, services, and business models, and demand-side actors, such as corporates and institutions seeking to integrate virtuous biodiversity actions into their strategies. The results also identify key barriers and enablers that influence these collaborations, highlighting the importance of cross-sector partnerships, hybrid models, and shared impact measurement frameworks. Overall, the study contributes to the literature on sustainability-oriented innovation by conceptualizing biodiversity as both a driver and beneficiary of innovation, providing a structured understanding of how collaboration and entrepreneurship can support the transition toward nature-positive business ecosystems.
La perdita di biodiversità rappresenta una delle sfide più critiche e complesse del ventunesimo secolo, profondamente intrecciata con i sistemi di produzione globali e le pratiche commerciali. Sebbene l’innovazione sia stata ampiamente riconosciuta come un fattore chiave di sostegno alla crescita sostenibile, la relazione specifica tra innovazione e biodiversità rimane insufficientemente esplorata. Le ricerche esistenti hanno esaminato prevalentemente la relazione tra imprese e biodiversità, senza cogliere appieno il modo in cui i diversi attori interagiscono per sviluppare, implementare e scalare soluzioni orientate alla biodiversità. Questa tesi di laurea magistrale colma questa lacuna sviluppando e validando empiricamente un quadro per l'innovazione e la collaborazione per la biodiversità, basato sull'analisi di 173 startup e PMI italiane e integrato da tre approfonditi casi di studio e quattro workshop multi-attore. La ricerca adotta un approccio qualitativo e multi-metodo, combinando analisi di database, interviste semi strutturate e osservazioni dirette per mappare la struttura e le dinamiche dell’ecosistema dell’innovazione della biodiversità. I risultati rivelano che soluzioni efficaci per la biodiversità emergono dall’interazione tra innovatori dal lato dell’offerta, startup e PMI che sviluppano nuove tecnologie, servizi e modelli di business e attori dal lato della domanda, come aziende e istituzioni che cercano di integrare azioni virtuose sulla biodiversità nelle loro strategie. I risultati identificano inoltre le principali barriere e fattori abilitanti che influenzano queste collaborazioni, evidenziando l’importanza di partenariati intersettoriali, modelli ibridi e quadri condivisi di misurazione dell’impatto. Nel complesso, lo studio contribuisce alla letteratura sull'innovazione orientata alla sostenibilità concettualizzando la biodiversità sia come motore che come beneficiario dell'innovazione, fornendo una comprensione strutturata di come la collaborazione e l'imprenditorialità possano supportare la transizione verso ecosistemi aziendali positivi per la natura.
The role of Italian startups and SMEs in the innovation for biodiversity ecosystem
Murenu, Valeria
2024/2025
Abstract
Biodiversity loss represents one of the most critical and complex challenges of the twenty-first century, deeply intertwined with global production systems and business practices. Although innovation has been widely recognized as a key support factor for sustainable growth, the specific relationship between innovation and biodiversity remains insufficiently explored. Existing research has predominantly examined the relationship between business and biodiversity, without fully capturing how diverse actors interact to develop, implement, and scale biodiversity-oriented solutions. This Master’s Thesis addresses this gap by developing and empirically validating a framework for innovation and collaboration for biodiversity, grounded in the analysis of 173 Italian startups and SMEs and complemented by three in-depth case studies and four multi-actor workshops. The research adopts a qualitative and multi-method approach, combining database analysis, semi-structured interviews, and direct observations to map the structure and dynamics of the biodiversity innovation ecosystem. Findings reveal that effective biodiversity solutions emerge from the interplay between supply-side innovators, startups and SMEs developing new technologies, services, and business models, and demand-side actors, such as corporates and institutions seeking to integrate virtuous biodiversity actions into their strategies. The results also identify key barriers and enablers that influence these collaborations, highlighting the importance of cross-sector partnerships, hybrid models, and shared impact measurement frameworks. Overall, the study contributes to the literature on sustainability-oriented innovation by conceptualizing biodiversity as both a driver and beneficiary of innovation, providing a structured understanding of how collaboration and entrepreneurship can support the transition toward nature-positive business ecosystems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Murenu_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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2025_12_Murenu_Thesis_02.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247509