This thesis first reviews the key aspects of quantum field theory and the Standard Model (SM) and discusses numerical calculations of scattering probability amplitudes, particularly at higher perturbative orders. Then a method formulated by A. Denner and S. Pozzorini in 2001 is summarized. This method enables one to calculate electroweak (EW) corrections in the high energy limit within logarithmic approximation and is well established for non-loop-induced processes. In the present work, its extension to a loop-induced (LI) process is investigated. The studied process is the production of two Higgs boson through gluon fusion, gg → HH. At leading-order (LO), this occurs either via a loop of four quarks or a loop of three quarks combined with an interaction among three Higgs bosons. Its LO topology is what defines it as a LI process. The three-Higgs interaction, known as trilinear self-coupling, appears in the potential of the SM Lagrangian and is crucial for understanding the Higgs mechanism of EW symmetry breaking. This study shows that the EW corrections increase the cross section for values of the invariant mass M_HH ≡ √((p_H1 +p_H2)^2) around 700 GeV by approximately +10%, decreasing to about +7% at 3 TeV. A similar dependence is observed as a function of the transverse momentum of the Higgs. Comparison with a 2024 study, which calculated EW corrections with out the use of any approximation, reveals discrepancies: negative corrections are found at higher energies. Consequently, the applicability of the Denner and Pozzorini method to LI processes could not be conclusively assessed and further theoretical work is required. Either the Denner-Pozzorini method does not hold for LI processes or the logarithmic approximation becomes valid only at higher energies. Should the method prove applicable, it could serve as a valuable tool for evaluating EW corrections in the high-energy limit for LI processes, calculations that are otherwise highly demanding. Moreover, if agreement were to emerge at higher energies than those presently available for comparison, this work could serve as a partial validation of the complete results reported in the previous study.
La seguente tesi esamina in primo luogo gli aspetti fondamentali della teoria quantistica dei campi e del Modello Standard (SM) e discute dei calcoli numerici delle ampiezze di scattering, concentrandosi sugli ordini perturbativi più elevati. Segue il riassunto di un metodo formulato da A. Denner e S. Pozzorini nel 2001 che consente di calcolare le correzioni elettrodeboli (EW) nel limite di alta energia in approssimazione logaritmica. Tale metodo è consolidato in letteratura per processi non loop-indotti; questo studio si propone di valutarne l’estensione a un processo loop-indotto (LI), ovvero la produzione di due bosoni di Higgs tramite fusione di gluoni, gg → HH. Al primo ordine (LO), tale processo avviene mediante un loop di quattro quark oppure tramite un loop di tre quark combinato con un’interazione a tre bosoni di Higgs; la topologia LO è ciò che lo definisce come un processo LI. L’interazione a tre Higgs è presente nel potenziale della Lagrangiana del SM ed è fondamentale per comprendere il meccanismo di rottura della simmetria EW. In questo studio le correzioni EW risultano aumentare la sezione d’urto di circa il +10% per valori della massa invariante M_HH ≡ √((p_H1 +p_H2)^2) intorno ai 700 GeV, riducendosi a circa il +7% a 3 TeV. Una simile dipendenza si osserva in funzione del momento trasverso del bosone di Higgs. Confrontando i risultati con uno studio del 2024, che ha calcolato le correzioni EW senza approssimazioni, emergono discrepanze: sono riportate correzioni negative ad alte energie. In conclusione, l’applicabilità del metodo Denner-Pozzorini ai processi LI non può essere valutata in modo risolutivo ed è pertanto necessario ulteriore lavoro teorico: o il metodo di Denner-Pozzorini non è valido per i processi LI, oppure l’approssimazione logaritmica diventa valida solo ad energie più elevate. Se il metodo si dimostrasse applicabile, potrebbe costituire uno strumento prezioso per stimare le correzioni EW nel limite di alta energia per i processi LI, calcoli che altrimenti risultano molto complessi. Inoltre, se emergesse una concordanza ad energie più elevate, questo lavoro fornirebbe una parziale convalida dei risultati dello studio precedente.
Logarithmic approximation of electroweak corrections to Higgs boson pair production via gluon-gluon collisions
Luzzara, Alberto
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis first reviews the key aspects of quantum field theory and the Standard Model (SM) and discusses numerical calculations of scattering probability amplitudes, particularly at higher perturbative orders. Then a method formulated by A. Denner and S. Pozzorini in 2001 is summarized. This method enables one to calculate electroweak (EW) corrections in the high energy limit within logarithmic approximation and is well established for non-loop-induced processes. In the present work, its extension to a loop-induced (LI) process is investigated. The studied process is the production of two Higgs boson through gluon fusion, gg → HH. At leading-order (LO), this occurs either via a loop of four quarks or a loop of three quarks combined with an interaction among three Higgs bosons. Its LO topology is what defines it as a LI process. The three-Higgs interaction, known as trilinear self-coupling, appears in the potential of the SM Lagrangian and is crucial for understanding the Higgs mechanism of EW symmetry breaking. This study shows that the EW corrections increase the cross section for values of the invariant mass M_HH ≡ √((p_H1 +p_H2)^2) around 700 GeV by approximately +10%, decreasing to about +7% at 3 TeV. A similar dependence is observed as a function of the transverse momentum of the Higgs. Comparison with a 2024 study, which calculated EW corrections with out the use of any approximation, reveals discrepancies: negative corrections are found at higher energies. Consequently, the applicability of the Denner and Pozzorini method to LI processes could not be conclusively assessed and further theoretical work is required. Either the Denner-Pozzorini method does not hold for LI processes or the logarithmic approximation becomes valid only at higher energies. Should the method prove applicable, it could serve as a valuable tool for evaluating EW corrections in the high-energy limit for LI processes, calculations that are otherwise highly demanding. Moreover, if agreement were to emerge at higher energies than those presently available for comparison, this work could serve as a partial validation of the complete results reported in the previous study.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247598