This research investigates the structural behavior and seismic vulnerability of the medieval Saint Sargis Church. As one of the most representative examples of Armenian religious architecture, the church suffered extensive collapse during the historical earthquakes of 1679 and 1827. The main objective is to develop a scientific and conservation-compatible approach for seismic retrofitting and restoration, ensuring both safety improvement and preservation of historical authenticity. The study was conducted as part of the author’s Master’s Thesis at Politecnico di Milano, in collaboration with the Italian engineering firm Buromilan. In the first stage, the existing reconstruction proposal developed by Armenian engineers according to the national standard CN RA 20.04 and based on a reinforced concrete configuration was analyzed. It was subsequently reviewed and adjusted under Eurocode 8 provisions to assess mechanical performance and compliance with conservation principles. In the next phases, a geometric and material reconstruction of the original church was developed using architectural surveys, archaeological evidence, and comparative studies of coeval Armenian churches. A detailed 3D numerical model in MIDAS Gen simulated the behavior of tuff and basalt masonry, and both elastic and limit analyses identified stress concentration zones, critical regions, and potential collapse mechanisms. In the strengthening phase, an initial reference configuration using BFRP and CFRP strips bonded with epoxy was evaluated to establish a benchmark and compare the structural response with alternative solutions. Since polymer-based FRP systems are not reversible and lack long-term compatibility with historic masonry, a second and conservation-compatible solution was developed using GFRP ring beams combined with Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM) applied with lime-based mortars. This updated system ensures breathability, reversibility, and material compatibility, representing contemporary best practice in heritage strengthening. Overall, this study proposes an interdisciplinary and sustainable methodology for the seismic strengthening of historic masonry structures. Its outcomes provide a replicable reference for other Armenian churches with similar geometric and material characteristics, integrating engineering precision with conservation principles.
Questo lavoro analizza il comportamento strutturale e la vulnerabilità sismica della chiesa medievale di San Sargis, uno degli esempi più rappresentativi dell’architettura religiosa armena, gravemente danneggiata durante i terremoti storici del 1679 e del 1827. L’obiettivo principale è sviluppare una metodologia di intervento che sia allo stesso tempo scientificamente solida e compatibile con i principi della conservazione, garantendo un miglioramento della sicurezza senza compromettere l’autenticità storica dell’edificio. Nella fase iniziale è stata analizzata la proposta di ricostruzione già elaborata da ingegneri armeni secondo la normativa nazionale CN RA 20.04, basata su un sistema in calcestruzzo armato; tale soluzione è stata rivalutata e verificata anche alla luce delle prescrizioni dell’Eurocodice 8. Successivamente è stata ricostruita la geometria e la configurazione materiale originaria della chiesa, attraverso rilievi architettonici, fonti archeologiche e confronti con altre chiese armene coeve. Un modello numerico tridimensionale sviluppato in MIDAS Gen ha permesso di simulare il comportamento della muratura in tufo e basalto e di individuare zone di concentrazione delle tensioni e possibili meccanismi di collasso, mediante analisi elastiche e al limite. Nella fase di miglioramento strutturale, una prima configurazione di riferimento con l’impiego di BFRP e CFRP applicati tramite resina epossidica è stata analizzata per stabilire un confronto prestazionale con soluzioni alternative. Tuttavia, tali materiali non risultano reversibili né pienamente compatibili con la muratura storica. Per questo motivo è stato sviluppato un secondo sistema, pienamente coerente con le attuali pratiche di conservazione, basato su cordoli in GFRP posti in sommità delle pareti e su l’utilizzo di TRM (Textile Reinforced Mortar) con malte a base di calce applicato sulle superfici della muratura a più paramenti. Questa soluzione assicura compatibilità materica, permeabilità al vapore, durabilità e reversibilità dell’intervento. Il lavoro propone infine una metodologia interdisciplinare e sostenibile per il miglioramento sismico delle strutture in muratura storica, offrendo un modello replicabile per altre chiese armene con caratteristiche geometriche e costruttive analoghe, integrando precisione ingegneristica e principi di tutela del patrimonio.
Structural design and seismic vulnerability of Saint Sargis Monastery, Armania
ABOLGHASEMI, SAEED;JAFARI MARBINI, ALI
2024/2025
Abstract
This research investigates the structural behavior and seismic vulnerability of the medieval Saint Sargis Church. As one of the most representative examples of Armenian religious architecture, the church suffered extensive collapse during the historical earthquakes of 1679 and 1827. The main objective is to develop a scientific and conservation-compatible approach for seismic retrofitting and restoration, ensuring both safety improvement and preservation of historical authenticity. The study was conducted as part of the author’s Master’s Thesis at Politecnico di Milano, in collaboration with the Italian engineering firm Buromilan. In the first stage, the existing reconstruction proposal developed by Armenian engineers according to the national standard CN RA 20.04 and based on a reinforced concrete configuration was analyzed. It was subsequently reviewed and adjusted under Eurocode 8 provisions to assess mechanical performance and compliance with conservation principles. In the next phases, a geometric and material reconstruction of the original church was developed using architectural surveys, archaeological evidence, and comparative studies of coeval Armenian churches. A detailed 3D numerical model in MIDAS Gen simulated the behavior of tuff and basalt masonry, and both elastic and limit analyses identified stress concentration zones, critical regions, and potential collapse mechanisms. In the strengthening phase, an initial reference configuration using BFRP and CFRP strips bonded with epoxy was evaluated to establish a benchmark and compare the structural response with alternative solutions. Since polymer-based FRP systems are not reversible and lack long-term compatibility with historic masonry, a second and conservation-compatible solution was developed using GFRP ring beams combined with Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM) applied with lime-based mortars. This updated system ensures breathability, reversibility, and material compatibility, representing contemporary best practice in heritage strengthening. Overall, this study proposes an interdisciplinary and sustainable methodology for the seismic strengthening of historic masonry structures. Its outcomes provide a replicable reference for other Armenian churches with similar geometric and material characteristics, integrating engineering precision with conservation principles.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247607