In recent decades, the rapid growth of tourism has facilitated unprecedented global mobility, bringing people and cultures into closer contact than ever before. Tourism has evolved into a complex social, cultural, and economic phenomenon, involving travel for leisure, professional, or business purposes. Today, it represents not only a major economic sector but also a globally interconnected industry with structured flows of people, capital, and cultural exchange. Tourism operates at multiple levels and exhibits several paradoxes and tensions depending on how it is organized. Globally, the sector responds to complex market dynamics, while at the local and national levels, its operation is shaped by institutions, political systems, economic needs, and social and cultural capital. Cultural and natural heritage—both tangible, such as architecture, and intangible, such as traditions and gastronomy—has become a key resource in tourism, shaping immersive experiences that connect travelers with the local culture. Cartagena de Indias, a coastal city in Colombia of national and international significance, exemplifies the complex interactions between tourism, urban development, and heritage preservation. Its historic center, a repository of colonial and republican architecture, has experienced intense touristification, driven by luxury accommodations, cruise tourism, and foreign investment. These processes have spatial, social, and economic implications, including the transformation of historic properties, gentrification, and the gradual displacement of long-standing residents. This study focuses on how tourism-driven real estate dynamics intersect with heritage management and urban change, aiming to understand both the regulatory frameworks and the actual market forces that shape the city’s historic core.
Negli ultimi decenni, la rapida crescita del turismo ha favorito una mobilità globale senza precedenti, avvicinando persone e culture come mai prima d’ora. Il turismo si è trasformato in un fenomeno sociale, culturale ed economico complesso, che comprende viaggi per svago, motivi professionali o esigenze lavorative. Oggi rappresenta non solo un importante settore economico, ma anche un’industria globalmente interconnessa, caratterizzata da flussi strutturati di persone, capitali e scambi culturali. Il turismo opera su molteplici livelli e presenta diversi paradossi e tensioni a seconda delle modalità con cui viene organizzato. A livello globale, il settore risponde a dinamiche di mercato complesse, mentre a livello locale e nazionale il suo funzionamento è influenzato da istituzioni, sistemi politici, esigenze economiche e capitale sociale e culturale. Il patrimonio culturale e naturale—sia materiale, come l’architettura, sia immateriale, come le tradizioni e la gastronomia—è diventato una risorsa fondamentale per il turismo, contribuendo a creare esperienze immersive che mettono in relazione i visitatori con la cultura locale. Cartagena de Indias, città costiera colombiana di rilevanza nazionale e internazionale, esemplifica le complesse interazioni tra turismo, sviluppo urbano e tutela del patrimonio. Il suo centro storico, custode di architetture coloniali e repubblicane, ha vissuto un’intensa turistificazione, alimentata da strutture ricettive di lusso, turismo crocieristico e investimenti stranieri. Questi processi hanno implicazioni spaziali, sociali ed economiche, tra cui la trasformazione degli immobili storici, la gentrificazione e il graduale allontanamento dei residenti di lunga data. Questo studio analizza il modo in cui le dinamiche immobiliari guidate dal turismo si intersecano con la gestione del patrimonio e i processi di trasformazione urbana, con l’obiettivo di comprendere sia i quadri normativi sia le effettive forze di mercato che modellano il nucleo storico della città.
Tourism and urban tranformation: socio-spatial effects in the historic center of Cartagena de Indias
IMITOLA AVILA, ADRIANA CRISTINA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent decades, the rapid growth of tourism has facilitated unprecedented global mobility, bringing people and cultures into closer contact than ever before. Tourism has evolved into a complex social, cultural, and economic phenomenon, involving travel for leisure, professional, or business purposes. Today, it represents not only a major economic sector but also a globally interconnected industry with structured flows of people, capital, and cultural exchange. Tourism operates at multiple levels and exhibits several paradoxes and tensions depending on how it is organized. Globally, the sector responds to complex market dynamics, while at the local and national levels, its operation is shaped by institutions, political systems, economic needs, and social and cultural capital. Cultural and natural heritage—both tangible, such as architecture, and intangible, such as traditions and gastronomy—has become a key resource in tourism, shaping immersive experiences that connect travelers with the local culture. Cartagena de Indias, a coastal city in Colombia of national and international significance, exemplifies the complex interactions between tourism, urban development, and heritage preservation. Its historic center, a repository of colonial and republican architecture, has experienced intense touristification, driven by luxury accommodations, cruise tourism, and foreign investment. These processes have spatial, social, and economic implications, including the transformation of historic properties, gentrification, and the gradual displacement of long-standing residents. This study focuses on how tourism-driven real estate dynamics intersect with heritage management and urban change, aiming to understand both the regulatory frameworks and the actual market forces that shape the city’s historic core.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247634