At the core of this investigation lies the theme of water, considered in all its forms and throughout its temporal evolution. Water is not considered merely as a physical phenomenon, but also as a transformative and cultural agent, able of shaping the landscape and profoundly influencing the environmental, social, and economic conditions of the communities that inhabit it. Iceland, whose the name evokes a glacial identity, is an island entirely surrounded by the ocean and strongly defined by the presence of water in all its manifestations. The thousand-year history of life and culture at the foot of the glaciers bears witness to humanity’s ongoing struggle against natural hazards, such as glacial floods, mini ice ages, and the advance and retreat of glaciers. In the past, glacial events unfolded alongside a simpler lifestyle, particularly in the south, where daily life revolved around pastoralism. Such destructive events were part of daily life, shaping both human practices and the relationship with the landscape. Today, the Icelandic economy relies heavily on this resource: hydroelectric and geothermal power, together with fishing, constitutes the country’s primary economic driver. At the same time, tourism, which is also closely tied to water, centers around natural phenomena such as glaciers, ice caves, geysers, waterfalls, thermal lagoons, and marine excursions for whale watching. In a future scenario shaped by global warming and the progressive melting of glaciers, Iceland will gradually modify its identity, long closely associated with its ice landscapes. Within this context, the present research proposes speculative scenarios for the Skaftafell area, envisioning the creation of a new agroecological system that integrates traditional landscape management practices, such as the reintroduction of controlled sheep farming, with innovative approaches, including the establishment of a sustainable wool supply chain. This system aims to create a circular model that simultaneously preserves the identity of the place, supports the local economy, and promotes ecosystem conservation.
Alla base dell’indagine si colloca il tema dell’acqua, considerata in tutte le sue forme e nella sua evoluzione nel tempo. Non viene affrontata unicamente come fenomeno fisico, ma soprattutto come agente trasformativo e culturale, capace di modellare il paesaggio e di incidere profondamente sulle condizioni ambientali, sociali ed economiche delle comunità che lo abitano. L’Islanda, il cui stesso nome evoca un’identità glaciale, è un’isola interamente circondata dall’oceano e fortemente definita dalla presenza dell’acqua in tutte le sue manifestazioni. La storia millenaria dei popoli ai piedi del ghiacciaio testimonia la lotta dell’uomo contro i disastri naturali, come le inondazioni glaciali, le piccole ere glaciali e l’avanzamento e il ritiro dei ghiacciai. In passato, questi eventi glaciali estremi erano da sfondo a uno stile di vita più semplice, soprattutto nelle regioni meridionali, dove la vita quotidiana ruotava attorno alla pastorizia. Attualmente, l’economia islandese si fonda in larga misura su questa risorsa: la produzione di energia idroelettrica, combinata alla pesca, rappresentano il principale motore energetico del Paese. Allo stesso tempo, il turismo, anch’esso strettamente legato all’acqua, si sviluppa attorno a fenomeni naturali come i ghiacciai, le grotte di ghiaccio, i geyser, le cascate, le lagune termali e le escursioni marine per l’avvistamento delle balene. In uno scenario futuro segnato dal riscaldamento globale e dal progressivo scioglimento dei ghiacci, l’Islanda potrebbe progressivamente perdere la propria identità associata ai ghiacciai. In tale contesto, questa ricerca propone per l’area di Skaftafell nuovi scenari speculativi che prevedono la creazione di un sistema agroecologico volto a integrare antiche pratiche di gestione del paesaggio, come la reintroduzione del pascolo controllato, con pratiche innovative, quali lo sviluppo di una filiera sostenibile della lana. Questo permetterà di generare un sistema circolare che coniughi la preservazione dell’identità del luogo, il sostegno all’economia locale e la conservazione degli ecosistemi.
Between ice and life: water as memory, resource and challenge for Skaftafell landscape, Iceland
Gulisano, Marta
2024/2025
Abstract
At the core of this investigation lies the theme of water, considered in all its forms and throughout its temporal evolution. Water is not considered merely as a physical phenomenon, but also as a transformative and cultural agent, able of shaping the landscape and profoundly influencing the environmental, social, and economic conditions of the communities that inhabit it. Iceland, whose the name evokes a glacial identity, is an island entirely surrounded by the ocean and strongly defined by the presence of water in all its manifestations. The thousand-year history of life and culture at the foot of the glaciers bears witness to humanity’s ongoing struggle against natural hazards, such as glacial floods, mini ice ages, and the advance and retreat of glaciers. In the past, glacial events unfolded alongside a simpler lifestyle, particularly in the south, where daily life revolved around pastoralism. Such destructive events were part of daily life, shaping both human practices and the relationship with the landscape. Today, the Icelandic economy relies heavily on this resource: hydroelectric and geothermal power, together with fishing, constitutes the country’s primary economic driver. At the same time, tourism, which is also closely tied to water, centers around natural phenomena such as glaciers, ice caves, geysers, waterfalls, thermal lagoons, and marine excursions for whale watching. In a future scenario shaped by global warming and the progressive melting of glaciers, Iceland will gradually modify its identity, long closely associated with its ice landscapes. Within this context, the present research proposes speculative scenarios for the Skaftafell area, envisioning the creation of a new agroecological system that integrates traditional landscape management practices, such as the reintroduction of controlled sheep farming, with innovative approaches, including the establishment of a sustainable wool supply chain. This system aims to create a circular model that simultaneously preserves the identity of the place, supports the local economy, and promotes ecosystem conservation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247645