Blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force that challenges several foundational assumptions of platform theory. While Traditional Transactional Platforms (TTPs) and Blockchain Transactional Platforms (BTPs) share important touchpoints, empirically, it remains under investigated how BTPs address the challenges of TTPs. This thesis contributes to that gap and responds to the question: How do blockchain platforms leverage on specific features of blockchain technology to deal with Traditional Platforms’ challenges? This study examines the dynamics of four macro challenges: the chicken-and-egg paradox, fostering network effects, achieving balanced governance, and calibrating platform openness and control. It shows how BTPs, through their unique assets, address these challenges in relation to TTPs. The study employs a qualitative, interview-based, multiple-case study approach, focusing on decentralized exchanges and lending protocols. The empirical base consists of 14 semi-structured interviews with founders and core contributors. The data were coded, and 34 labels were identified. Afterwards, a comparative analysis was conducted, examining each theme in relation to the mechanisms established in the literature on TTPs. By articulating four propositions, this thesis contributes to research on platforms and blockchain. It is shown that BTPs use tokens to start adoption and foster retention, strengthen network effects through active communities, coordinate decisions through decentralized yet hybrid governance, and maintain a high level of openness through composable smart contracts. Compared with TTPs, these levers change how platforms start, grow, and create value. Furthermore, this work lays the groundwork for future research at the intersection of blockchain technology and platform theory.
Negli ultimi anni, la blockchain ha rivoluzionato alcuni dei presupposti fondamentali alla base della teoria delle piattaforme. Esistono evidenti somiglianze tra piattaforme tradizionali di tipo transazionale e le piattaforme blockchain, anche se il modo in cui queste ultime affrontano le sfide tipiche delle prime è ancora empiricamente poco esplorato. L'obiettivo di questa ricerca è colmare questa lacuna e rispondere alla domanda “Le piattaforme blockchain come utilizzano le proprie caratteristiche distintive per superare le challenge affrontate dalle piattaforme tradizionali?”. Lo studio si avvale di un metodo qualitativo, con interviste a fondatori e principali contributor, focalizzandosi su exchange decentralizzati e protocolli di lending. Sono state condotte 14 interviste semistrutturate, e i dati raccolti sono stati codificati identificando 34 etichette, successivamente analizzate attraverso un confronto con i meccanismi consolidati nella letteratura sulle piattaforme tradizionali. Dall’analisi emergono quattro principali conclusioni: primo, i token facilitano l’avvio della piattaforma, ma per mantenere l’utente fidelizzato nel lungo termine è necessario sviluppare strategie che collegano la partecipazione degli utenti al successo del protocollo; secondo, gli effetti di rete si rafforzano con l’attiva partecipazione della community, combinando incentivi basati sui token e un coinvolgimento continuativo; terzo, il coordinamento si realizza tramite meccanismi di governance decentralizzata, anche se un basso livello di coinvolgimento e alcune inefficienze operative portano a strutture ibride che bilanciano centralizzazione e coinvolgimento della comunità; quarto, la trasparenza e il livello di apertura aumentano grazie a smart contract pubblici che consentono contributi esterni e favoriscono innovazioni combinate, migliorando anche la sicurezza grazie a processi di sviluppo e revisione condivisi. In conclusione, lo studio mette in luce come le dinamiche specifiche della blockchain si integrino nelle sfide di gestione delle piattaforme e offre indicazioni pratiche: pianificare incentivi che vadano oltre la fase iniziale e che permettano di far crescere gli effetti di rete, progettare governance ibride, calibrare il livello di apertura e controllo per trasformare l’avvio in un utilizzo stabile e in creazione di valore.
How blockchain transactional platforms address platform challenges: a multiple case study
Valentinis, Federico
2024/2025
Abstract
Blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force that challenges several foundational assumptions of platform theory. While Traditional Transactional Platforms (TTPs) and Blockchain Transactional Platforms (BTPs) share important touchpoints, empirically, it remains under investigated how BTPs address the challenges of TTPs. This thesis contributes to that gap and responds to the question: How do blockchain platforms leverage on specific features of blockchain technology to deal with Traditional Platforms’ challenges? This study examines the dynamics of four macro challenges: the chicken-and-egg paradox, fostering network effects, achieving balanced governance, and calibrating platform openness and control. It shows how BTPs, through their unique assets, address these challenges in relation to TTPs. The study employs a qualitative, interview-based, multiple-case study approach, focusing on decentralized exchanges and lending protocols. The empirical base consists of 14 semi-structured interviews with founders and core contributors. The data were coded, and 34 labels were identified. Afterwards, a comparative analysis was conducted, examining each theme in relation to the mechanisms established in the literature on TTPs. By articulating four propositions, this thesis contributes to research on platforms and blockchain. It is shown that BTPs use tokens to start adoption and foster retention, strengthen network effects through active communities, coordinate decisions through decentralized yet hybrid governance, and maintain a high level of openness through composable smart contracts. Compared with TTPs, these levers change how platforms start, grow, and create value. Furthermore, this work lays the groundwork for future research at the intersection of blockchain technology and platform theory.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Valentinis_ExecutiveSummary.pdf
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2025_12_Valentinis_Tesi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247676