Laser-based Wireless Power Transmission (LPT) is emerging as a promising technology for enabling continuous and efficient energy delivery to systems operating in inaccessible or permanently shadowed environments, such as the interior of deep lunar craters. In these scenarios, photovoltaic (PV) receivers must efficiently convert highly monochromatic, spatially non-uniform Gaussian laser beams—fundamentally different from conventional broadband solar radiation—while ensuring high reliability and long-term performance stability. This doctoral thesis investigates the full architecture of an LPT system, with particular emphasis on the design and optimization of two novel photovoltaic array geometries—Ring-Shaped and Tree-Shaped—specifically engineered to maximize optical-to-electrical conversion efficiency under Gaussian beam illumination. The study includes comprehensive thermal simulations under extreme lunar environmental conditions, with a base temperature of approximately 27 K, and incorporates the temperature-dependent electrical characteristics of InGaAsP triple-junction photovoltaic cells. Simulation results predict optical-to-electrical conversion efficiencies of up to 37% at a laser power of 5 kW and a peak intensity of 500 W·m⁻², approaching the theoretical efficiency limit of 42.3% under ideal operating conditions. Beyond the initial design phase, the thesis addresses the long-term performance and reliability of the photovoltaic system by modeling spatial degradation phenomena characteristic of the space environment. Key factors—including high-energy particle radiation, micrometeoroid-induced surface erosion, and contamination from lunar dust—are expected to induce localized variations in electrical response and a reduction in photon absorption efficiency. Radiation-induced effects are integrated into the simulation framework to estimate End-of-Life (EoL) efficiency and to assess overall system resilience over extended mission durations. In a separate and independent line of research, this thesis also presents an experimental investigation of soliton self-frequency shift in a nitrogen-filled multipass cell, using femtosecond pulses generated by an ytterbium-based laser system. Although not directly related to the photovoltaic receiver design, this study contributes to the broader development of laser technologies, highlighting ytterbium-based sources as a versatile platform for both high-efficiency power delivery and advanced nonlinear optical processes.
La trasmissione di energia wireless mediante laser (Laser Power Transmission, LPT) si sta affermando come una tecnologia promettente per fornire energia in modo continuo ed efficiente a sistemi collocati in ambienti difficilmente accessibili o permanentemente in ombra, come le aree interne dei crateri lunari. In questo contesto, i ricevitori fotovoltaici devono essere in grado di convertire efficacemente fasci laser altamente monocromatici e con distribuzione spaziale non uniforme di tipo gaussiano, differenti dalla radiazione solare a banda larga, garantendo al contempo elevata affidabilità e stabilità delle prestazioni. Questa tesi di dottorato esplora l’intera architettura dei sistemi LPT, concentrandosi in particolare sulla progettazione e ottimizzazione di due configurazioni innovative di array fotovoltaici, denominate Ring-Shaped e Tree-Shaped, sviluppate per massimizzare l’efficienza di conversione ottico-elettrica sotto illuminazione con fasci gaussiani. Lo studio comprende simulazioni termiche dettagliate in condizioni estreme tipiche della superficie lunare, con temperature di circa 27 K, e considera le caratteristiche elettriche dipendenti dalla temperatura delle celle fotovoltaiche a tripla giunzione InGaAsP. I risultati indicano che è possibile raggiungere efficienze di conversione superiori al 35% con un laser da 5 kW e un’intensità di picco di 500 W·m⁻², avvicinandosi al limite teorico del 42.3% in condizioni ideali. Oltre alla fase di progettazione, la tesi analizza anche le prestazioni a lungo termine dei sistemi fotovoltaici, modellando i processi di degrado tipici dell’ambiente extraterrestre. Fattori critici come la radiazione da particelle ad alta energia, l’erosione indotta da micrometeoriti e la deposizione di polvere lunare sono considerati come cause principali di variazioni locali nella risposta elettrica e di una progressiva diminuzione dell’efficienza. Questi effetti sono integrati nel framework di simulazione per stimare l’efficienza a fine vita e valutare la resilienza complessiva del sistema nel corso di missioni di lunga durata. Parallelamente, la tesi presenta uno studio sperimentale sul soliton self-frequency shift in una cella multipasso contenente azoto, impiegando impulsi femtosecondi generati da un laser a itterbio. Sebbene questa ricerca non sia direttamente correlata alla progettazione dei ricevitori fotovoltaici, contribuisce allo sviluppo generale delle tecnologie laser, mostrando come sorgenti a base di itterbio possano rappresentare una piattaforma versatile e tunabile sia per la trasmissione efficiente di energia sia per l’esplorazione di fenomeni ottici non lineari avanzati.
Wireless energy transmission based on high-power lasers for space applications
Cichelli, Giovanni
2025/2026
Abstract
Laser-based Wireless Power Transmission (LPT) is emerging as a promising technology for enabling continuous and efficient energy delivery to systems operating in inaccessible or permanently shadowed environments, such as the interior of deep lunar craters. In these scenarios, photovoltaic (PV) receivers must efficiently convert highly monochromatic, spatially non-uniform Gaussian laser beams—fundamentally different from conventional broadband solar radiation—while ensuring high reliability and long-term performance stability. This doctoral thesis investigates the full architecture of an LPT system, with particular emphasis on the design and optimization of two novel photovoltaic array geometries—Ring-Shaped and Tree-Shaped—specifically engineered to maximize optical-to-electrical conversion efficiency under Gaussian beam illumination. The study includes comprehensive thermal simulations under extreme lunar environmental conditions, with a base temperature of approximately 27 K, and incorporates the temperature-dependent electrical characteristics of InGaAsP triple-junction photovoltaic cells. Simulation results predict optical-to-electrical conversion efficiencies of up to 37% at a laser power of 5 kW and a peak intensity of 500 W·m⁻², approaching the theoretical efficiency limit of 42.3% under ideal operating conditions. Beyond the initial design phase, the thesis addresses the long-term performance and reliability of the photovoltaic system by modeling spatial degradation phenomena characteristic of the space environment. Key factors—including high-energy particle radiation, micrometeoroid-induced surface erosion, and contamination from lunar dust—are expected to induce localized variations in electrical response and a reduction in photon absorption efficiency. Radiation-induced effects are integrated into the simulation framework to estimate End-of-Life (EoL) efficiency and to assess overall system resilience over extended mission durations. In a separate and independent line of research, this thesis also presents an experimental investigation of soliton self-frequency shift in a nitrogen-filled multipass cell, using femtosecond pulses generated by an ytterbium-based laser system. Although not directly related to the photovoltaic receiver design, this study contributes to the broader development of laser technologies, highlighting ytterbium-based sources as a versatile platform for both high-efficiency power delivery and advanced nonlinear optical processes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
PhD_Thesis_Cichelli.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: PhD Thesis – Giovanni Cichelli
Dimensione
5.31 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
5.31 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/248737