Piezoresistive (PZR) sensors are extensively employed in MEMS applications due to their simple implementation and compatibility with standard semiconductor fabrication processes. In MEMSbased micromirror devices, for example, PZR sensors are typically exploited to measure the angular displacement of the mirror, providing essential feedback information for closed-loop actuation. Despite their suitability for such applications, PZR sensors are inherently affected by relatively high noise levels, particularly at low frequencies, which can significantly degrade the overall system performance. The primary objective of this work is the design of a dedicated readout chain for a PZR bridge integrated within a MEMS sensor, with particular emphasis on minimizing the noise contribution within the bandwidth of interest. Noise reduction can be pursued through two complementary strategies: (i) the investigation of methods to reduce the intrinsic noise of the piezoresistive sensing element and (ii) the removal or optimization of circuit blocks that introduce additional electronic noise, thereby also reducing the overall power consumption and silicon area. An initial experimental phase focused on the electrical characterization of the piezoresistive bridge and the implementation of noise-reduction techniques, with particular attention to flicker noise mitigation. Building on these preliminary results, the research progressed toward the design of an innovative readout chain architecture. The proposed architecture eliminates a circuit block traditionally employed in comparable systems, the analog front-end, thereby simplifying the signal path.
I sensori piezoresistivi (PZR) sono ampiamente impiegati nelle applicazioni MEMS grazie alla loro semplice implementazione e alla compatibilità con i processi standard di fabbricazione dei semiconduttori. Nei dispositivi MEMS basati su microspecchi, ad esempio, i sensori PZR sono tipicamente utilizzati per misurare lo spostamento angolare dello specchio, fornendo informazioni di feedback essenziali per l’attuazione in anello chiuso. Nonostante la loro idoneità per tali applicazioni, i sensori PZR sono intrinsecamente affetti da livelli di rumore relativamente elevati, in particolare alle basse frequenze, che possono degradare in modo significativo le prestazioni complessive del sistema. L’obiettivo principale di questo lavoro è la progettazione di una catena di lettura dedicata per un ponte PZR integrato all’interno di un sensore MEMS, con particolare enfasi sulla minimizzazione del contributo di rumore all’interno della banda di interesse. La riduzione del rumore può essere perseguita attraverso due strategie complementari: (i) lo studio di metodi per ridurre il rumore intrinseco dell’elemento sensibile piezoresistivo e (ii) l’eliminazione o l’ottimizzazione dei blocchi circuitali che introducono rumore elettronico aggiuntivo, riducendo al contempo il consumo di potenza complessivo e l’area di silicio. Una fase sperimentale iniziale si è concentrata sulla caratterizzazione elettrica del ponte piezoresistivo e sull’implementazione di tecniche di riduzione del rumore, con particolare attenzione alla mitigazione del rumore flicker. Sulla base di questi risultati preliminari, la ricerca è poi proseguita verso la progettazione di un’architettura innovativa della catena di lettura. L’architettura proposta elimina un blocco circuitale tradizionalmente impiegato in sistemi comparabili, ovvero l’analog front-end, semplificando così il percorso del segnale.
Next-generation afe-less readout electronics for piezoresistive sensing integrated in MEMS-based applications
Fagnani, Andrea
2025/2026
Abstract
Piezoresistive (PZR) sensors are extensively employed in MEMS applications due to their simple implementation and compatibility with standard semiconductor fabrication processes. In MEMSbased micromirror devices, for example, PZR sensors are typically exploited to measure the angular displacement of the mirror, providing essential feedback information for closed-loop actuation. Despite their suitability for such applications, PZR sensors are inherently affected by relatively high noise levels, particularly at low frequencies, which can significantly degrade the overall system performance. The primary objective of this work is the design of a dedicated readout chain for a PZR bridge integrated within a MEMS sensor, with particular emphasis on minimizing the noise contribution within the bandwidth of interest. Noise reduction can be pursued through two complementary strategies: (i) the investigation of methods to reduce the intrinsic noise of the piezoresistive sensing element and (ii) the removal or optimization of circuit blocks that introduce additional electronic noise, thereby also reducing the overall power consumption and silicon area. An initial experimental phase focused on the electrical characterization of the piezoresistive bridge and the implementation of noise-reduction techniques, with particular attention to flicker noise mitigation. Building on these preliminary results, the research progressed toward the design of an innovative readout chain architecture. The proposed architecture eliminates a circuit block traditionally employed in comparable systems, the analog front-end, thereby simplifying the signal path.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
PhD_Fagnani.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Phd Thesis
Dimensione
8.67 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
8.67 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/249117