This doctoral research directly confronts a central challenge in user-centric design for health wearables: how to successfully manage blockchain adoption to grant users meaningful data privacy and control. While blockchain technology offers significant potential for securing personal health data, its practical application is often hindered by a critical gap between its technical complexity and the needs of everyday users. Existing research often examines technical implementation, user experience, and user acceptance in isolation. This thesis confronts this fragmentation by proposing and validating a holistic, integrated approach to the design and assessment of tangible, blockchain-enabled health devices. The research employs a hybrid methodology combining Research through Design (RtD) and Research for Design (RfD). The RtD component is embodied in the iterative development and evaluation of a functional prototype, the CipherPal smart fidget toy. The RfD component contributes two validated, practical design resources: a set of empirically grounded Web3 Design Guidelines to address usability challenges, and a theory-based User Acceptance Toolkit to bridge the gap between acceptance models and design practice. The thesis culminates in a multi-framework evaluation that synthesizes these components, triangulating findings from the application of the guidelines, the toolkit, and an extended, in-the-wild user study of the CipherPal prototype. The findings reveal a central tension between users’ conceptual acceptance of blockchain’s security benefits and the significant usability friction introduced by its technical complexity. Ultimately, this research contributes a hybrid methodological framework that synchronizes RtD with RfD to address the unique usability and acceptance challenges of decentralized health technologies. It provides empirically validated tools for practitioners and offers original insights into the challenges of balancing technical requirements with user-centered principles, providing a holistic and empirically grounded contribution to the design of trustworthy, blockchain-enabled health technologies.
La presente ricerca di dottorato affronta direttamente una sfida centrale nella progettazione incentrata sull’utente per i dispositivi indossabili per la salute: come gestire con successo l’adozione della blockchain per garantire agli utenti una privacy e un controllo significativi dei dati. Sebbene la tecnologia blockchain offra un potenziale significativo per la protezione dei dati sanitari personali, la sua applicazione pratica è spesso ostacolata da un divario critico tra la sua complessità tecnica e le esigenze degli utenti quotidiani. La ricerca attuale spesso analizza separatamente l’implementazione tecnica, l’esperienza utente e l’accettazione da parte degli utenti. Questa tesi va in contrasto con tale frammentazione, proponendo e validando un approccio olistico e integrato per la progettazione e valutazione di dispositivi sanitari tangibili abilitati alla blockchain. La ricerca adotta una metodologia ibrida che combina la Research through Design (RtD) e la Research for Design (RfD). La componente RtD si concretizza nello sviluppo iterativo e nella valutazione di un prototipo funzionale: il giocattolo antistress intelligente CipherPal. La componente RfD contribuisce con due risorse pratiche e validate: un insieme di Web3 Design Guidelines empiricamente fondate per affrontare le sfide di usabilità, e un User Acceptance Toolkit basato su teoria per colmare il divario tra i modelli di accettazione e la pratica progettuale. La tesi culmina in una valutazione multi-framework che sintetizza questi elementi, triangolando i risultati dell’applicazione delle linee guida, del toolkit e di uno studio utente esteso “in the wild” sul prototipo CipherPal. I risultati rivelano un contrasto tra l’accettazione concettuale da parte degli utenti dei benefici in termini di sicurezza offerti dalla blockchain e l’alto livello di difficoltà d’uso introdotto dalla sua complessità tecnica. In definitiva, questa ricerca contribuisce a definire un quadro metodologico ibrido che sincronizza la RtD con la RfD per affrontare le sfide uniche di usabilità e accettazione delle tecnologie sanitarie decentralizzate. Essa fornisce strumenti empiricamente validati per i professionisti del settore e offre spunti originali sulle sfide nel bilanciare i requisiti tecnici con i principi dello user-centered design, offrendo un contributo olistico ed empiricamente fondato alla progettazione di tecnologie sanitarie basate su blockchain che siano affidabili e sicure.
User-centric design for health wearables: exploring blockchain adoption for data privacy and control
BOBROVA, POLINA
2025/2026
Abstract
This doctoral research directly confronts a central challenge in user-centric design for health wearables: how to successfully manage blockchain adoption to grant users meaningful data privacy and control. While blockchain technology offers significant potential for securing personal health data, its practical application is often hindered by a critical gap between its technical complexity and the needs of everyday users. Existing research often examines technical implementation, user experience, and user acceptance in isolation. This thesis confronts this fragmentation by proposing and validating a holistic, integrated approach to the design and assessment of tangible, blockchain-enabled health devices. The research employs a hybrid methodology combining Research through Design (RtD) and Research for Design (RfD). The RtD component is embodied in the iterative development and evaluation of a functional prototype, the CipherPal smart fidget toy. The RfD component contributes two validated, practical design resources: a set of empirically grounded Web3 Design Guidelines to address usability challenges, and a theory-based User Acceptance Toolkit to bridge the gap between acceptance models and design practice. The thesis culminates in a multi-framework evaluation that synthesizes these components, triangulating findings from the application of the guidelines, the toolkit, and an extended, in-the-wild user study of the CipherPal prototype. The findings reveal a central tension between users’ conceptual acceptance of blockchain’s security benefits and the significant usability friction introduced by its technical complexity. Ultimately, this research contributes a hybrid methodological framework that synchronizes RtD with RfD to address the unique usability and acceptance challenges of decentralized health technologies. It provides empirically validated tools for practitioners and offers original insights into the challenges of balancing technical requirements with user-centered principles, providing a holistic and empirically grounded contribution to the design of trustworthy, blockchain-enabled health technologies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Bobrova.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/249539