Mascots have evolved from symbolic figures into strategic communication tools within sports branding, particularly in the Olympic context, performing cultural, emotional, and commercial functions. Despite their visibility and economic impact, their effectiveness remains a subject of debate, especially in relation to the clarity of visual design, narrative strength, and audience engagement. In conjunction with the Milano–Cortina 2026 Winter Olympic Games, a moment in which the city of Milan can be considered a widespread touchpoint and collective involvement in Olympic communication is heightened, this thesis examines the evolution of Olympic mascots by analysing design choices, anthropomorphism, narrative construction, and public perception. The objective is to identify strategies of success and failure and to clarify the role and potential of mascots in sports communication and branding, using the Olympic experience as a starting point. The research adopts an interdisciplinary approach combining design theory, branding studies, semiotics, and psychology. Through a historical analysis of Olympic mascots from Munich 1972 to Tokyo 2020, the study identifies key transformations in visual language, cultural representation, and branding strategy. Quantitative data collected through an online survey and qualitative insights derived from interviews with professionals involved in Olympic event production and stakeholders are used to evaluate mascot memorability, emotional impact, and communicative effectiveness. The findings highlight several key insights, including the relevance of anthropomorphism, emotional clarity, and narrative coherence in mascot design, while also revealing recurring limitations related to activation and narrative transmission. To validate the emerging evidence, the research insights were applied to a practical project: the development of a mascot for the Torneo Avvenire International Tennis Tournament of the Ambrosiano Tennis Club in Milan. The project aimed to translate the research findings into a coherent design system and was presented to the tournament’s organizers in order to gather additional feedback, which informed the final conclusions.
Le mascotte si sono evolute da figure simboliche a strumenti strategici di comunicazione all’interno del branding sportivo, in particolare nel contesto olimpico, svolgendo funzioni culturali, emotive e commerciali. Nonostante la loro visibilità e il loro impatto economico, la loro efficacia rimane oggetto di dibattito, soprattutto in relazione alla chiarezza del design visivo, alla forza narrativa e al coinvolgimento del pubblico. In concomitanza con i Giochi Olimpici Invernali di Milano–Cortina 2026, un momento in cui la città di Milano può essere considerata un touchpoint diffuso e il coinvolgimento collettivo nella comunicazione olimpica risulta amplificato, questa tesi esamina l’evoluzione delle mascotte olimpiche attraverso l’analisi delle scelte progettuali, dell’antropomorfismo, della costruzione narrativa e della percezione pubblica. L’obiettivo è identificare strategie di successo e di fallimento e chiarire il ruolo e il potenziale delle mascotte nella comunicazione e nel branding sportivo, utilizzando l’esperienza olimpica come punto di partenza. La ricerca adotta un approccio interdisciplinare che combina teoria del design, studi sul branding, semiotica e psicologia. Attraverso un’analisi storica delle mascotte olimpiche da Monaco 1972 a Tokyo 2020, lo studio individua le principali trasformazioni nel linguaggio visivo, nella rappresentazione culturale e nelle strategie di branding. I dati quantitativi raccolti tramite un sondaggio online e gli approfondimenti qualitativi derivati da interviste con professionisti coinvolti nella produzione degli eventi olimpici e con stakeholder vengono utilizzati per valutare la memorabilità delle mascotte, il loro impatto emotivo e l’efficacia comunicativa. I risultati evidenziano diversi aspetti chiave, tra cui la rilevanza dell’antropomorfismo, della chiarezza emotiva e della coerenza narrativa nel design delle mascotte, rivelando al contempo limitazioni ricorrenti legate all’attivazione e alla trasmissione narrativa. Per validare le evidenze emerse, gli insight della ricerca sono stati applicati a un progetto pratico: lo sviluppo di una mascotte per il Torneo Avvenire, torneo internazionale di tennis dell’Ambrosiano Tennis Club di Milano. Il progetto ha avuto l’obiettivo di tradurre i risultati della ricerca in un sistema di design coerente ed è stato presentato agli organizzatori del torneo al fine di raccogliere ulteriori feedback, che hanno contribuito alle conclusioni finali.
Mascot matters: design of olympic mascots as a strategic opportunity
Ozkalemkas, Hande
2024/2025
Abstract
Mascots have evolved from symbolic figures into strategic communication tools within sports branding, particularly in the Olympic context, performing cultural, emotional, and commercial functions. Despite their visibility and economic impact, their effectiveness remains a subject of debate, especially in relation to the clarity of visual design, narrative strength, and audience engagement. In conjunction with the Milano–Cortina 2026 Winter Olympic Games, a moment in which the city of Milan can be considered a widespread touchpoint and collective involvement in Olympic communication is heightened, this thesis examines the evolution of Olympic mascots by analysing design choices, anthropomorphism, narrative construction, and public perception. The objective is to identify strategies of success and failure and to clarify the role and potential of mascots in sports communication and branding, using the Olympic experience as a starting point. The research adopts an interdisciplinary approach combining design theory, branding studies, semiotics, and psychology. Through a historical analysis of Olympic mascots from Munich 1972 to Tokyo 2020, the study identifies key transformations in visual language, cultural representation, and branding strategy. Quantitative data collected through an online survey and qualitative insights derived from interviews with professionals involved in Olympic event production and stakeholders are used to evaluate mascot memorability, emotional impact, and communicative effectiveness. The findings highlight several key insights, including the relevance of anthropomorphism, emotional clarity, and narrative coherence in mascot design, while also revealing recurring limitations related to activation and narrative transmission. To validate the emerging evidence, the research insights were applied to a practical project: the development of a mascot for the Torneo Avvenire International Tennis Tournament of the Ambrosiano Tennis Club in Milan. The project aimed to translate the research findings into a coherent design system and was presented to the tournament’s organizers in order to gather additional feedback, which informed the final conclusions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/250339