The Italian residential building stock represents a critical challenge for achieving European climate neutrality and resilience objectives. A large proportion of existing buildings was constructed before the introduction of energy and seismic regulations and is characterized by poor thermal performance, high energy demand, and significant exposure to natural hazards. In this context, retrofit strategies cannot be limited to energy efficiency alone but must address environmental impact and regional risk conditions in an integrated manner. This thesis proposes a multi-scale framework for prioritizing and evaluating retrofit interventions in the Italian residential sector, with a specific focus on façade insulation materials based on bio-based materials. The research combines national energy performance data with climate and natural hazard indicators to identify priority regions where energy inefficiency overlaps with high environmental stress. A hazard-based prioritization methodology is developed through the integration of earthquake, heatwave, and windstorm hazards, accounting for both hazard intensity and building exposure. The resulting risk assessment supports the selection of Veneto, Lazio, and Sicily as representative case-study regions. At the building scale, the study evaluates bio-based façade insulation solutions—specifically wood fiber, rice straw, and fiber-based materials—applied to a reference residential building. Thermal performance is assessed using steady-state and dynamic approaches in accordance with relevant standards, while the environmental impacts of the selected materials are quantified through a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (A1–A3), based on Environmental Product Declarations. The results highlight the potential of bio-based insulation systems to reduce both energy demand and embodied environmental impacts, while demonstrating the importance of climate and risk-sensitive design in retrofit strategies. By linking territorial risk analysis with material-level environmental assessment, this research contributes to the development of integrated, scalable, and context-specific retrofit approaches for the decarbonization and resilience of the Italian building stock.
Il patrimonio edilizio residenziale italiano rappresenta una sfida critica per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi di neutralità climatica e resilienza dell'Europa. Una grande parte degli edifici esistenti è stata costruita prima dell'introduzione delle normative energetiche e sismiche e presenta scarse performance termiche, alta domanda di energia ed elevata esposizione ai rischi naturali. In questo contesto, le strategie di retrofit non possono essere limitate solo all'efficienza energetica, ma devono affrontare l'impatto ambientale e le condizioni di rischio regionale in modo integrato. Questa tesi propone un framework multiscala per la prioritizzazione e la valutazione degli interventi di retrofit nel settore residenziale italiano, con un focus specifico sui sistemi di isolamento delle facciate basati su materiali bio-based. La ricerca combina i dati sulle performance energetiche nazionali con indicatori climatici e di rischio naturale per identificare le regioni prioritarie dove l'inefficienza energetica si sovrappone a stress ambientali elevati. È stata sviluppata una metodologia di priorizzazione basata sul rischio, attraverso l'integrazione dei pericoli da terremoto, ondate di calore e tempeste di vento, considerando sia l'intensità del pericolo che l'esposizione degli edifici. La valutazione del rischio risultante supporta la selezione di Veneto, Lazio e Sicilia come regioni di caso rappresentative. A livello edilizio, lo studio valuta soluzioni di isolamento delle facciate bio-based—specificamente fibra di legno, paglia di riso e materiali a base di fibra—applicati a un edificio residenziale di riferimento. La performance termica è valutata utilizzando approcci a stato stazionario e dinamico in conformità con gli standard rilevanti, mentre gli impatti ambientali dei materiali selezionati sono quantificati tramite una valutazione del ciclo di vita cradle-to-gate (A1–A3), basata sulle Dichiarazioni Ambientali di Prodotto. I risultati evidenziano il potenziale dei sistemi di isolamento bio-based nel ridurre sia la domanda energetica che gli impatti ambientali incorporati, dimostrando l'importanza di un design sensibile al clima e ai rischi nelle strategie di retrofit. Collegando l'analisi del rischio territoriale con la valutazione ambientale a livello di materiale, questa ricerca contribuisce allo sviluppo di approcci di retrofit integrati, scalabili e specifici per il contesto per la decarbonizzazione e la resilienza del patrimonio edilizio italiano.
Bio retrofit in residential buildings
Girgis, Verina Nagy Kamel;Shneider, Elena
2025/2026
Abstract
The Italian residential building stock represents a critical challenge for achieving European climate neutrality and resilience objectives. A large proportion of existing buildings was constructed before the introduction of energy and seismic regulations and is characterized by poor thermal performance, high energy demand, and significant exposure to natural hazards. In this context, retrofit strategies cannot be limited to energy efficiency alone but must address environmental impact and regional risk conditions in an integrated manner. This thesis proposes a multi-scale framework for prioritizing and evaluating retrofit interventions in the Italian residential sector, with a specific focus on façade insulation materials based on bio-based materials. The research combines national energy performance data with climate and natural hazard indicators to identify priority regions where energy inefficiency overlaps with high environmental stress. A hazard-based prioritization methodology is developed through the integration of earthquake, heatwave, and windstorm hazards, accounting for both hazard intensity and building exposure. The resulting risk assessment supports the selection of Veneto, Lazio, and Sicily as representative case-study regions. At the building scale, the study evaluates bio-based façade insulation solutions—specifically wood fiber, rice straw, and fiber-based materials—applied to a reference residential building. Thermal performance is assessed using steady-state and dynamic approaches in accordance with relevant standards, while the environmental impacts of the selected materials are quantified through a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (A1–A3), based on Environmental Product Declarations. The results highlight the potential of bio-based insulation systems to reduce both energy demand and embodied environmental impacts, while demonstrating the importance of climate and risk-sensitive design in retrofit strategies. By linking territorial risk analysis with material-level environmental assessment, this research contributes to the development of integrated, scalable, and context-specific retrofit approaches for the decarbonization and resilience of the Italian building stock.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/250538