In high-speed machining operations, the material removal rate is limited by the onset of regenerative vibrations, known as chatter. In this context, process stability depends almost entirely on the dynamic compliance of the spindle. The thesis defines a design methodology to overcome this limit, proposing to replace the traditional steel casing of the electrospindle with one made of composite material, manufactured via Large Area Additive Manufacturing (LAAM). The research focuses on the necessary characterisation of such materials. Since the LAAM process generates an orthotropic composite with unknown dissipative properties, a targeted experimental campaign was conducted. Specific beam specimens were tested, sized to manifest flexural modes in the typical vibrational range of the spindle. Modal analysis on these samples allowed for the empirical quantification of the structural damping coefficient and the effective elastic modulus along the printing directions. In order to verify the extendability of the damping coefficient calculated via the specimens to a more complex component, a casing prototype was manufactured, with the aim of also deriving a damping coefficient on the latter to be compared with the one obtained via the specimens and to be used for the validation of the predictive FEM model. In conclusion, the work provides the designer with a complete and replicable methodology, from the dynamic characterisation on specimens to numerical simulation, validating the composite-based approach for vibration reduction.
Nelle lavorazioni meccaniche ad alta velocità, il tasso di rimozione del materiale è limitato dall’insorgenza di vibrazioni rigenerative, note come chatter. In tale contesto, la stabilità del processo dipende quasi interamente dalla cedevolezza dinamica del mandrino. La tesi definisce una metodologia progettuale per superare tale limite, proponendo di sostituire la tradizionale carcassa in acciaio dell’elettromandrino con una in materiale composito, realizzata tramite manifattura additiva di grande formato (LAAM - Large Area Additive Manufacturing). La ricerca si focalizza sulla necessaria caratterizzazione di tali materiali. Poiché il processo LAAM genera un composito ortotropo con proprietà dissipative incognite, è stata condotta una mirata campagna sperimentale. Sono stati testati appositi provini a trave, dimensionati per manifestare modi flessionali nel tipico intervallo di vibrazioni del mandrino. L’analisi modale su questi campioni ha permesso di quantificare empiricamente il coefficiente di smorzamento strutturale e il modulo elastico effettivo lungo le direzioni di stampa. Allo scopo di verificare l’estendibilità del coefficiente di smorzamento calcolato mediante i provini a un componente più complesso, è stato realizzato un prototipo di carcassa, allo scopo di ricavare anche su questo un coefficiente di smorzamento da confrontare con quello ottenuto mediante i provini e da utilizzare per la validazione del modello FEM predittivo. In conclusione, il lavoro fornisce al progettista una metodologia completa e replicabile, dalla caratterizzazione dinamica sui provini alla simulazione numerica, validando l’approccio basato sui compositi per l’abbattimento delle vibrazioni.
Methodology for predicting the dynamics of a 3D printed composite electrospindle casing
Scacchi, Emanuele Maria
2025/2026
Abstract
In high-speed machining operations, the material removal rate is limited by the onset of regenerative vibrations, known as chatter. In this context, process stability depends almost entirely on the dynamic compliance of the spindle. The thesis defines a design methodology to overcome this limit, proposing to replace the traditional steel casing of the electrospindle with one made of composite material, manufactured via Large Area Additive Manufacturing (LAAM). The research focuses on the necessary characterisation of such materials. Since the LAAM process generates an orthotropic composite with unknown dissipative properties, a targeted experimental campaign was conducted. Specific beam specimens were tested, sized to manifest flexural modes in the typical vibrational range of the spindle. Modal analysis on these samples allowed for the empirical quantification of the structural damping coefficient and the effective elastic modulus along the printing directions. In order to verify the extendability of the damping coefficient calculated via the specimens to a more complex component, a casing prototype was manufactured, with the aim of also deriving a damping coefficient on the latter to be compared with the one obtained via the specimens and to be used for the validation of the predictive FEM model. In conclusion, the work provides the designer with a complete and replicable methodology, from the dynamic characterisation on specimens to numerical simulation, validating the composite-based approach for vibration reduction.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Scacchi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/250719