Wildlife within airport manoeuvring areas poses significant safety risks to both animals and flight operations, with strikes ranging from negligible to catastrophic events. International and national regulations, including ENAC, ICAO, and EASA standards, require airports to implement structured wildlife hazard management programs with regular airside inspections. At Milan Bergamo Airport (BGY), these inspections are currently scheduled manually using largely static, season‑long timetables that do not reflect daily variations in traffic and wildlife activity. This thesis develops an automated scheduling framework for airside wildlife inspections at BGY that integrates flight movements, wildlife activity, and regulatory constraints. It uses data collected by inspectors via a GPS‑based monitoring app within a 13 km radius of the runway, combined with flight schedules from January 2023 to March 2026. Three inspection types are modeled—runway, ring, and perimeter—each with distinct routes and timing rules. A greedy scheduling algorithm encodes ENAC and SACBO requirements, shift‑buffer rules, traffic‑driven feasibility constraints, and daily inspection limits through configurable parameters and movement masks. When tested on historical winter, summer, and future winter seasons under SACBO’s baseline configuration, the algorithm achieves full ENAC compliance for runway inspections in the historical winter dataset, 98% in summer, and greater than 90% in the future scenario. Compared with manual schedules, it better avoids peak traffic while maintaining inspection coverage. The proposed framework provides SACBO S.p.A. with a practical decision‑support tool that produces more adaptive, traffic‑aware inspection plans. Future extensions may include real‑time rescheduling and application to airports with different layouts and regulations.
La presenza di fauna selvatica nelle aree di manovra aeroportuali rappresenta un rischio per la sicurezza di animali e voli, con impatti che possono variare da eventi trascurabili a incidenti gravi. Le normative internazionali e nazionali, tra cui quelle emanate da ENAC, ICAO ed EASA, richiedono agli aeroporti di attuare programmi strutturati di gestione del rischio da fauna selvatica, comprendenti ispezioni regolari in airside. Presso l’aeroporto di Milano Bergamo (BGY), tali ispezioni sono attualmente pianificate manualmente tramite orari stagionali statici, che non riflettono le variazioni giornaliere di traffico e fauna. Questa tesi sviluppa un framework di pianificazione automatizzata per le ispezioni faunistiche in airside a BGY, integrando movimenti di volo, attività della fauna e vincoli normativi. Il modello utilizza i dati raccolti tramite un’app di monitoraggio GPS entro un raggio di 13 km dalla pista, combinati con i programmi di volo dal gennaio 2023 al marzo 2026. Sono considerati tre tipi di ispezione — pista, anello e perimetro — ciascuno con percorsi e regole temporali specifiche. Un algoritmo di pianificazione greedy codifica i requisiti ENAC e SACBO, le regole sui turni e i buffer temporali, i vincoli di fattibilità legati al traffico e i limiti giornalieri di ispezione, tramite parametri configurabili e maschere di movimento. Testato su stagioni invernali e estive storiche e su uno scenario invernale futuro, l’algoritmo raggiunge piena conformità ENAC per le ispezioni pista nella stagione invernale storica, il 98% in quella estiva e almeno il 90% nello scenario futuro. Rispetto alle pianificazioni manuali, genera orari più coerenti con il traffico pur mantenendo una copertura ispettiva equivalente o migliore. Il framework fornisce a SACBO S.p.A. uno strumento decisionale pratico, capace di generare piani di ispezione più adattivi e sensibili al traffico. Sviluppi futuri includono l’integrazione con dati di volo in tempo reale e l’estensione ad altri aeroporti.
Automated scheduling of airside wildlife inspections for wildlife hazard prevention using a greedy algorithm at Milan Bergamo Airport
WILLIAMS, GEORGIA ADRIANA
2025/2026
Abstract
Wildlife within airport manoeuvring areas poses significant safety risks to both animals and flight operations, with strikes ranging from negligible to catastrophic events. International and national regulations, including ENAC, ICAO, and EASA standards, require airports to implement structured wildlife hazard management programs with regular airside inspections. At Milan Bergamo Airport (BGY), these inspections are currently scheduled manually using largely static, season‑long timetables that do not reflect daily variations in traffic and wildlife activity. This thesis develops an automated scheduling framework for airside wildlife inspections at BGY that integrates flight movements, wildlife activity, and regulatory constraints. It uses data collected by inspectors via a GPS‑based monitoring app within a 13 km radius of the runway, combined with flight schedules from January 2023 to March 2026. Three inspection types are modeled—runway, ring, and perimeter—each with distinct routes and timing rules. A greedy scheduling algorithm encodes ENAC and SACBO requirements, shift‑buffer rules, traffic‑driven feasibility constraints, and daily inspection limits through configurable parameters and movement masks. When tested on historical winter, summer, and future winter seasons under SACBO’s baseline configuration, the algorithm achieves full ENAC compliance for runway inspections in the historical winter dataset, 98% in summer, and greater than 90% in the future scenario. Compared with manual schedules, it better avoids peak traffic while maintaining inspection coverage. The proposed framework provides SACBO S.p.A. with a practical decision‑support tool that produces more adaptive, traffic‑aware inspection plans. Future extensions may include real‑time rescheduling and application to airports with different layouts and regulations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2026_03_Williams_Thesis_01.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: Thesis
Dimensione
38.43 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
38.43 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
|
2026_03_Williams_Executive Summary_02.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: Executive Summary
Dimensione
742.94 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
742.94 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/250757