Historic city centers are areas that bear the traces of different civilizations and constitute urban memory, and a large portion of the building stock in these areas consists of masonry structures. In particular, a significant number of these structures in countries located in the Mediterranean basin, such as Türkiye and Italy, are at high seismic risk. The different seismic risk levels, national regulations, and building typologies in different countries lead to varying forms of earthquake behavior and vulnerability. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of masonry residential structures located in historical city centers using a simplified and comparative method. In this context, the Balat region of Istanbul, Türkiye, and the Paullo region of Milan, Italy, were selected as study areas. Six masonry residential structures in each region were examined, and their seismic behavior was analyzed within a common evaluation framework. The research is based on the seismic Certification/Qualification approach developed by Borri and De Maria, and the capacity-demand ratios of the structures were calculated using safety factors. The evaluations considered the geometric and structural characteristics of the structures, as well as regional seismic parameters. To analyze how the vulnerability of the structures changes with changes in seismic demand, each structure was examined under the seismic characteristics of Balat, Paullo, and the Norcia and Salò regions, which are significant seismic zones in Italy. In addition, the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBDY 2018) and the Italian Technical Building Code (NTC 2018) were examined comparatively to investigate the approaches of different codes to existing masonry structures. The data obtained show that the rapid assessment method based on the safety factor provides applicable and comparable results in different seismic contexts. The study stands out as a preliminary assessment that can support prioritization and decision-making processes in situations where detailed structural analyses are not possible and rapid results are required.
I centri storici sono aree che recano le tracce di diverse civiltà e costituiscono la memoria urbana, e gran parte del patrimonio edilizio in queste aree è costituito da strutture in muratura. In particolare, un numero significativo di queste strutture nei paesi situati nel bacino del Mediterraneo, come la Turchia e l'Italia, è ad alto rischio sismico. I diversi livelli di rischio sismico, le normative nazionali e le tipologie edilizie nei diversi paesi determinano diverse forme di comportamento e vulnerabilità sismica. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è valutare la vulnerabilità sismica di strutture residenziali in muratura situate nei centri storici delle città utilizzando un metodo semplificato e comparativo. In questo contesto, sono state selezionate come aree di studio la regione di Balat a Istanbul, in Turchia, e la regione di Paullo a Milano, in Italia. Sono state esaminate sei strutture residenziali in muratura in ciascuna regione e il loro comportamento sismico è stato analizzato all'interno di un quadro di valutazione comune. La ricerca si basa sull'approccio di Certificazione/Qualificazione sismica sviluppato da Borri e De Maria, e i rapporti capacità-domanda delle strutture sono stati calcolati utilizzando fattori di sicurezza. Le valutazioni hanno considerato le caratteristiche geometriche e strutturali delle strutture, nonché i parametri sismici regionali. Per analizzare come la vulnerabilità delle strutture varia al variare della domanda sismica, ciascuna struttura è stata esaminata in base alle caratteristiche sismiche di Balat, Paullo e delle regioni di Norcia e Salò, che sono zone sismiche significative in Italia. Inoltre, sono stati esaminati comparativamente il Codice sismico turco (TBDY 2018) e il Codice tecnico edilizio italiano (NTC 2018) per analizzare gli approcci dei diversi codici alle strutture in muratura esistenti. I dati ottenuti dimostrano che il metodo di valutazione rapida basato sul fattore di sicurezza fornisce risultati applicabili e confrontabili in diversi contesti sismici. Lo studio si distingue come una valutazione preliminare in grado di supportare i processi di definizione delle priorità e di decisione in situazioni in cui non sono possibili analisi strutturali dettagliate e sono richiesti risultati rapidi.
Seismic vulnerability of ordinary residential masonry structures in historic urban centers: a comparative study of Paullo/Italy and Balat/Türkiye
Ozlu, Aybuke
2025/2026
Abstract
Historic city centers are areas that bear the traces of different civilizations and constitute urban memory, and a large portion of the building stock in these areas consists of masonry structures. In particular, a significant number of these structures in countries located in the Mediterranean basin, such as Türkiye and Italy, are at high seismic risk. The different seismic risk levels, national regulations, and building typologies in different countries lead to varying forms of earthquake behavior and vulnerability. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of masonry residential structures located in historical city centers using a simplified and comparative method. In this context, the Balat region of Istanbul, Türkiye, and the Paullo region of Milan, Italy, were selected as study areas. Six masonry residential structures in each region were examined, and their seismic behavior was analyzed within a common evaluation framework. The research is based on the seismic Certification/Qualification approach developed by Borri and De Maria, and the capacity-demand ratios of the structures were calculated using safety factors. The evaluations considered the geometric and structural characteristics of the structures, as well as regional seismic parameters. To analyze how the vulnerability of the structures changes with changes in seismic demand, each structure was examined under the seismic characteristics of Balat, Paullo, and the Norcia and Salò regions, which are significant seismic zones in Italy. In addition, the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBDY 2018) and the Italian Technical Building Code (NTC 2018) were examined comparatively to investigate the approaches of different codes to existing masonry structures. The data obtained show that the rapid assessment method based on the safety factor provides applicable and comparable results in different seismic contexts. The study stands out as a preliminary assessment that can support prioritization and decision-making processes in situations where detailed structural analyses are not possible and rapid results are required.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/250838