Leakage flow generated by pressure differentials at blade tips is a primary source of efficiency loss and performance degradation in turbomachinery. This thesis investigates the rubbing-induced dynamics of honeycomb seals, which are widely used to manage these clearances due to their superior wear resistance and rotordynamic stability. The primary scientific objective was to numerically evaluate how rubbing contact and the resulting wear grooves interfere with the leakage and rotordynamic performance of a honeycomb-labyrinth seal. The methodological approach utilized high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluent. A robust numerical framework was established and validated against existing literature, employing a 3D transient multifrequency elliptical orbit model to extract frequency-dependent rotordynamic coefficients. The study compared smooth and labyrinth rotor configurations and analysed the impact of radial clearance reduction. Findings indicate that rubbing-induced wear significantly compromises sealing performance, with leakage mass flow rates increasing by over 80% in severe cases compared to unworn baselines. Furthermore, the presence of wear grooves introduces significant non-linearity and numerical fluctuations in rotordynamic coefficients, complicating stability predictions.
Il flusso secondario generato dalle differenze di pressione alle estremità delle pale costituisce una delle principali fonti di perdita di efficienza e degrado delle prestazioni nelle turbomacchine. Questa tesi studia la dinamica delle tenute a nido d'ape indotta dallo sfregamento, ampiamente utilizzate per gestire i giochi grazie alla loro superiore resistenza all'usura e stabilità rotordinamica. L'obiettivo principale è stato quello di valutare numericamente come lo sfregamento to e le conseguenti scanalature di usura interferiscano con il trafilamento e le prestazioni rotordinamiche di una tenuta labirinto-honeycomb. Per la valutazione delle prestazioni delle tenute analizzate sono stati impiegati modelli CFD su ANSYS Fluent. I metodi numerici impiegati sono stati validati grazie a modelli esistenti in letteratura, impiegando un modello 3D transitorio a orbita ellittica multifrequenza per estrarre i coefficienti rotordinamici. Lo studio ha confrontato configurazioni di rotore liscio e a labirinto, analizzando inoltre l'impatto della riduzione del gioco radiale. I risultati indicano che l'usura indotta dall’usura compromette significativamente le prestazioni di tenuta, con tassi di flusso di fuga che aumentano di oltre l'80% nei casi più gravi rispetto ai modelli non usurati. Inoltre, la presenza di scanalature introduce una significativa non linearità e fluttuazioni numeriche nei coefficienti rotordinamici, complicando le previsioni di stabilità.
Rubbing-induced dynamics of honeycomb seals in turbomachinery applications
FRESCHINI, LUCREZIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Leakage flow generated by pressure differentials at blade tips is a primary source of efficiency loss and performance degradation in turbomachinery. This thesis investigates the rubbing-induced dynamics of honeycomb seals, which are widely used to manage these clearances due to their superior wear resistance and rotordynamic stability. The primary scientific objective was to numerically evaluate how rubbing contact and the resulting wear grooves interfere with the leakage and rotordynamic performance of a honeycomb-labyrinth seal. The methodological approach utilized high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluent. A robust numerical framework was established and validated against existing literature, employing a 3D transient multifrequency elliptical orbit model to extract frequency-dependent rotordynamic coefficients. The study compared smooth and labyrinth rotor configurations and analysed the impact of radial clearance reduction. Findings indicate that rubbing-induced wear significantly compromises sealing performance, with leakage mass flow rates increasing by over 80% in severe cases compared to unworn baselines. Furthermore, the presence of wear grooves introduces significant non-linearity and numerical fluctuations in rotordynamic coefficients, complicating stability predictions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Freschini_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi
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2026_03_Freschini_Executive Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/250984