The current energy landscape is strongly influenced by the increase in electricity and gas prices, largely attributable to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. In this scenario, governmental actions taken by individual countries are of fundamental importance to reduce energy dependence and strengthen the national energy system. In Italy, incentive tools such as the “Conto Energia” and the “Superbonus 110%” have significantly contributed to the spread of small-scale residential photovoltaic systems. However, to achieve the objectives of the “Piano Nazionale Intergrato per l’Energia e il Clima” (PNIEC), investments in utility-scale photovoltaic plants with power capacities in the MW range are required. These investments are often hindered by permitting procedures and current environmental regulations regarding the impact of installations on the surrounding territory. The “Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza” (PNRR) fits into this context by promoting the simplification of authorization processes and allocating resources to the development of agrivoltaic systems—a technological solution capable of integrating electricity production from photovoltaic sources with agricultural and livestock activities—thereby reducing the environmental impact of the plants. Within this framework, the present study, conducted at the engineering firm Tiemes S.r.l., focuses on the technical design of an agrivoltaic system, aiming to identify the photovoltaic field configuration capable of maximizing energy performance while respecting the fundamental requirement characterizing this type of plant: ensuring a distance between the rows of solar trackers (pitch)—mechanical structures that orient the modules favorably toward solar rays—sufficient to preserve the continuity of agricultural activities and allow the passage of farming and maintenance vehicles. Various plant configurations were examined, obtained by varying the arrangement of the trackers through the pitch value. The analysis was conducted using PVcase software to estimate the installable power within the available area. The energy performance of the identified configurations was subsequently calculated with PVsyst software, considering the adoption of a backtracking strategy to minimize mutual shading between modules during hours with the sun low on the horizon. For the configuration found to be optimal, the grid connection was designed to minimize energy transport losses, ensuring a stable and efficient connection even in the event of a fault. The study identified the key parameters influencing the design of an agrivoltaic system, highlighting how a decrease in the distance between the rows of solar trackers is not necessarily linked to an improvement in energy performance.
L'attuale contesto energetico è fortemente influenzato dall'aumento dei prezzi di elettricità e gas, in larga parte riconducibile al conflitto russo-ucraino. In questo scenario, le azioni governative intraprese dai singoli Paesi assumono un'importanza fondamentale per ridurre la dipendenza energetica e rafforzare il sistema energetico nazionale. In Italia, strumenti di incentivazione quali il “Conto Energia” e il “Superbonus 110%” hanno contribuito in modo significativo alla diffusione di impianti fotovoltaici residenziali di piccola taglia. Tuttavia, per il raggiungi-mento degli obiettivi del “Piano Nazionale Integrato per l'Energia e il Clima” (PNIEC), sono necessari investimenti in impianti fotovoltaici di tipo utility-scale con potenze nell'ordine dei MW. Tali investimenti sono spesso ostacolati dalle procedure autorizzative e dalle attuali normative ambientali riguardanti l'impatto delle installazioni sul territorio circostante. Il “Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza” (PNRR) si inserisce in questo contesto promuovendo la semplificazione dei processi autorizzativi e destinando risorse allo sviluppo di sistemi agrivoltaici, una soluzione tecnologica in grado di integrare la produzione di energia elettrica da fonte fotovoltaica con le attività agricole e zootecniche, riducendo l’impatto ambientale degli impianti. In questo contesto, il presente studio, svolto presso la società di ingegneria Tiemes S.r.l., si concentra sulla progettazione tecnica di un sistema agrivoltaico, con l'obiettivo di identificare la configurazione del campo fotovoltaico in grado di massimizzare le prestazioni energetiche nel rispetto del requisito fondamentale che caratterizza questa tipologia di impianto: garantire una distanza tra le file degli inseguitori solari (pitch) — strutture meccaniche che orientano i moduli favorevolmente rispetto ai raggi solari — sufficiente a preservare la continuità delle attività agricole e a consentire il passaggio dei mezzi agricoli e di manutenzione. Sono state esaminate diverse configurazioni impiantistiche, ottenute variando la disposizione degli inseguitori attraverso il valore del pitch. L’analisi è stata condotta mediante il software PVcase, utilizzato per stimare la potenza installabile all’interno dell’area utile a disposizione. Le prestazioni energetiche delle configurazioni individuate sono state successivamente calcolate con il software PVsyst, considerando l’adozione della strategia di backtracking per ridurre al minimo l'ombreggiamento reciproco tra i moduli durante le ore con il sole basso all'orizzonte. Per la configurazione risultata ottimale, la connessione alla rete è stata progettata al fine di minimizzare le perdite energetiche nel trasporto, garantendo una connessione stabile ed efficiente anche in caso di guasto. Lo studio ha identificato i parametri chiave che influenzano il dimensionamento di un sistema agrivoltaico, evidenziando come una diminuzione della distanza tra le file degli inseguitori solari non sia necessariamente legato ad un miglioramento delle prestazioni energetiche.
Agrivoltaic systems: technical design and integration strategies in the italian energy context
Manfrini, Alessandro
2024/2025
Abstract
The current energy landscape is strongly influenced by the increase in electricity and gas prices, largely attributable to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. In this scenario, governmental actions taken by individual countries are of fundamental importance to reduce energy dependence and strengthen the national energy system. In Italy, incentive tools such as the “Conto Energia” and the “Superbonus 110%” have significantly contributed to the spread of small-scale residential photovoltaic systems. However, to achieve the objectives of the “Piano Nazionale Intergrato per l’Energia e il Clima” (PNIEC), investments in utility-scale photovoltaic plants with power capacities in the MW range are required. These investments are often hindered by permitting procedures and current environmental regulations regarding the impact of installations on the surrounding territory. The “Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza” (PNRR) fits into this context by promoting the simplification of authorization processes and allocating resources to the development of agrivoltaic systems—a technological solution capable of integrating electricity production from photovoltaic sources with agricultural and livestock activities—thereby reducing the environmental impact of the plants. Within this framework, the present study, conducted at the engineering firm Tiemes S.r.l., focuses on the technical design of an agrivoltaic system, aiming to identify the photovoltaic field configuration capable of maximizing energy performance while respecting the fundamental requirement characterizing this type of plant: ensuring a distance between the rows of solar trackers (pitch)—mechanical structures that orient the modules favorably toward solar rays—sufficient to preserve the continuity of agricultural activities and allow the passage of farming and maintenance vehicles. Various plant configurations were examined, obtained by varying the arrangement of the trackers through the pitch value. The analysis was conducted using PVcase software to estimate the installable power within the available area. The energy performance of the identified configurations was subsequently calculated with PVsyst software, considering the adoption of a backtracking strategy to minimize mutual shading between modules during hours with the sun low on the horizon. For the configuration found to be optimal, the grid connection was designed to minimize energy transport losses, ensuring a stable and efficient connection even in the event of a fault. The study identified the key parameters influencing the design of an agrivoltaic system, highlighting how a decrease in the distance between the rows of solar trackers is not necessarily linked to an improvement in energy performance.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251092