This study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of shoreline change along a coastal stretch using Landsat satellite imagery and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) from 1990 to 2020. The research employed a geospatial methodology to automatically delineate historical shorelines at decadal intervals (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020), allowing for accurate detection of shoreline position and movement over time. Prior to shoreline extraction, a land–sea classification was performed to enhance boundary accuracy, achieving high overall accuracies ranging from 96.67% to 98.67% and Kappa coefficients between 0.83 and 0.93, confirming the reliability of the extracted shorelines. Five key shoreline change metrics—Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), Linear Regression Rate (LRR), and Weighted Linear Regression (WLR)—were applied across over 700 transects to quantify erosion and accretion trends. Results indicate a dominant trend of erosion, with over 58% to 63% of transects exhibiting negative change values across all metrics. NSM analysis revealed an average shoreline retreat of –39.68 meters, while EPR and LRR recorded average retreat rates of –1.33 m/year and –1.04 m/year, respectively. The study also evaluated the statistical accuracy of the methods used, with EPR showing the least uncertainty (±0.02 m/year) compared to LRR and WLR (±0.81 m/year). These findings emphasize the severity and spatial variability of coastal retreat, particularly in hotspot areas identified through high-resolution change maps. The study concludes with a set of targeted shoreline management and adaptation recommendations, including priority interventions in high-risk erosion zones, improved coastal monitoring, and integration of nature-based solutions such as mangrove rehabilitation. Overall, the research highlights the effectiveness of integrating remote sensing, GIS, and DSAS tools in shoreline change monitoring and provides a valuable decision-making framework for sustainable coastal zone management in the face of climate variability and human pressures.
Questo studio analizza le dinamiche spazio-temporali della variazione della linea di costa lungo un tratto costiero mediante l’utilizzo di immagini satellitari Landsat e del Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) nel periodo 1990–2020. La ricerca ha adottato una metodologia geospaziale per la delimitazione automatica delle linee di costa storiche a intervalli decennali (1990, 2000, 2010 e 2020), consentendo una rilevazione accurata della posizione e dello spostamento della linea di costa nel tempo. Prima dell’estrazione della linea di costa è stata effettuata una classificazione terra mare per migliorare l’accuratezza del confine, raggiungendo elevati livelli di accuratezza complessiva compresi tra il 96,67% e il 98,67% e coefficienti Kappa tra 0,83 e 0,93, confermando l’affidabilità delle linee di costa estratte. Sono state applicate cinque principali metriche di variazione della linea di costa — Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), Linear Regression Rate (LRR) e Weighted Linear Regression (WLR) — lungo oltre 700 transetti per quantificare le tendenze di erosione e accrescimento. I risultati evidenziano una tendenza predominante all’erosione, con oltre il 58%–63% dei transetti che presentano valori negativi in tutte le metriche analizzate. L’analisi NSM ha rilevato un arretramento medio della linea di costa pari a –39,68 metri, mentre EPR e LRR hanno registrato tassi medi di arretramento rispettivamente di –1,33 m/anno e –1,04 m/anno. Lo studio ha inoltre valutato l’accuratezza statistica dei metodi utilizzati, mostrando che l’EPR presenta la minore incertezza (±0,02 m/anno) rispetto a LRR e WLR (±0,81 m/anno). Questi risultati sottolineano la gravità e la variabilità spaziale dell’arretramento costiero, in particolare nelle aree hotspot identificate attraverso mappe di variazione ad alta risoluzione. Lo studio si conclude con una serie di raccomandazioni mirate per la gestione e l’adattamento costiero, tra cui interventi prioritari nelle zone ad alto rischio di erosione, il miglioramento del monitoraggio costiero e l’integrazione di soluzioni basate sulla natura, come il ripristino delle mangrovie. Nel complesso, la ricerca evidenzia l’efficacia dell’integrazione tra telerilevamento, GIS e strumenti DSAS nel monitoraggio della variazione della linea di costa e fornisce un solido quadro di riferimento per il processo decisionale nella gestione sostenibile delle zone costiere di fronte alla variabilità climatica e alle pressioni antropiche.
The use of remote sensing to determine shoreline change along the coast of Umluj - Saudi Arabia
ALOTAIBI, MAJED GHAZI
2024/2025
Abstract
This study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of shoreline change along a coastal stretch using Landsat satellite imagery and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) from 1990 to 2020. The research employed a geospatial methodology to automatically delineate historical shorelines at decadal intervals (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020), allowing for accurate detection of shoreline position and movement over time. Prior to shoreline extraction, a land–sea classification was performed to enhance boundary accuracy, achieving high overall accuracies ranging from 96.67% to 98.67% and Kappa coefficients between 0.83 and 0.93, confirming the reliability of the extracted shorelines. Five key shoreline change metrics—Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), Linear Regression Rate (LRR), and Weighted Linear Regression (WLR)—were applied across over 700 transects to quantify erosion and accretion trends. Results indicate a dominant trend of erosion, with over 58% to 63% of transects exhibiting negative change values across all metrics. NSM analysis revealed an average shoreline retreat of –39.68 meters, while EPR and LRR recorded average retreat rates of –1.33 m/year and –1.04 m/year, respectively. The study also evaluated the statistical accuracy of the methods used, with EPR showing the least uncertainty (±0.02 m/year) compared to LRR and WLR (±0.81 m/year). These findings emphasize the severity and spatial variability of coastal retreat, particularly in hotspot areas identified through high-resolution change maps. The study concludes with a set of targeted shoreline management and adaptation recommendations, including priority interventions in high-risk erosion zones, improved coastal monitoring, and integration of nature-based solutions such as mangrove rehabilitation. Overall, the research highlights the effectiveness of integrating remote sensing, GIS, and DSAS tools in shoreline change monitoring and provides a valuable decision-making framework for sustainable coastal zone management in the face of climate variability and human pressures.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251197