Microorganisms isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted soil and low-cost bioenhancer were screened for biosurfactant and bioemulsifier production using blue agar plate method, emulsification index, parafilm M tests and asymmetric drop shape analysis, and oil displacement. Substrates based on kitchen waste were tested, chickpea storage water (aquafaba) and orange peel extract being the better performing according to preliminary tests. Low-cost optical methods have been successfully employed to monitor semi quantitatively biosurfactant production and screening, but refinement of methods is required for a more rigorous quantitative approach. Cell-anchored biosurfactants were produced by a consortium, extraction was tested but proved inconclusive; lysed cells maintained oil displacement capabilities and were therefore used in a leaching test using two (1:7 and 1:15) different Solid-Liquid ratios. Performance in terms of chemical removal is yet to be determined due to analytical problems. A phytotoxicity test using radish seeds (germination index at 72 and 120 h and relative root elongation at 120 h) was performed on the soil washed by the biosurfactants produced during this work and a previous experiment where different production conditions were explored and produced biosurfactant was untested. Cell anchored biosurfactants appear to strongly affect plant germination (GI% 23.3% and 45% at 72h, SL ratio of 1:7 and 1:15 respectively) with effects comparable to the one associated to Tritonx100 at 5 cmc (GI% 61.7% and 53.3%, SL ratio of 1:7 and 1:15 respectively); radical growth resulted less impacted. The other tested biosurfactant had positive effects in germination index but root elongation was strongly reduced. Phytotoxic effects of the biomass-based solution makes it unfit for soil washing applications.
Microorganismi isolati da un campione di suolo contaminato da idrocarburi sono stati oggetto di screening tramite crescita su piastre agarizzate blu, saggio di emulsificazione, Parafilm M test, valutazione dell’angolo di contatto, Oil displacement test. Sono stati testati vari substrati basati su scarti di cucina e quelli più promettenti risultano essere aqua faba e estratto di bucce d’arancia. Metodi ottici di monitoraggio e screening sono stati utilizzati proficuamente durante gli esperimenti; rifiniture dei suddetti sono necessarie per ridurre le incertezze associate qualora si desideri usarli in maniera quantitativa. Sono stati prodotti da parte di un consorzio surfattanti adesi alle membrane microbiche. I test relativi l’estrazione sono risultati fallimentari; le performance sono state valutate testando le cellule lisate con acqua deionizzata tramite test di cessione, cui risultati chimici non sono ancora disponibili a causa di problematiche di tipo analitico. È stata valutata la valutata la fitotossicità del suolo soggetto di soil washing con soluzione basata sulla biomassa lisata e sull’uso di un biosurfattante prodotto in una sperimentazione precedente in differenti condizioni in termini di indice di germinzione a 72 h e 120 h e allungamento radicale a 120 h. Per ogni soluzione sono stati testati due differenti rapporti solido/liquido (1:7 e 1:15). Il suolo oggetto di lavaggio con la soluzione basata sulla biomassa è associato a ridotta germinazione (GI% 23.3% e 45%, rapporto SL di 1:7 e 1:15 rispettivamente) rispetto al Triton x100 a 5 cmc (61.7% e 53.3%, rapporto SL di 1:7 e 1:15), mentre l’allungamento radicale risulta meno impattato. I risultati del test effettuati col biosurfattante precedentemente prodotto sono positivi rispetto la germinazione ma l’allungamento radicale è risultato ridotto. L’effetto fitotossico rende la soluzione basata sulla biomassa lisata prodotta, al netto delle analisi chimiche momentaneamente assenti, inadatta ad applicazioni di soil washing.
Screening and production of biosurfactants from polluted soils using kitchen waste-derived substrates
SALOTTI, FRANCESCO
2025/2026
Abstract
Microorganisms isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted soil and low-cost bioenhancer were screened for biosurfactant and bioemulsifier production using blue agar plate method, emulsification index, parafilm M tests and asymmetric drop shape analysis, and oil displacement. Substrates based on kitchen waste were tested, chickpea storage water (aquafaba) and orange peel extract being the better performing according to preliminary tests. Low-cost optical methods have been successfully employed to monitor semi quantitatively biosurfactant production and screening, but refinement of methods is required for a more rigorous quantitative approach. Cell-anchored biosurfactants were produced by a consortium, extraction was tested but proved inconclusive; lysed cells maintained oil displacement capabilities and were therefore used in a leaching test using two (1:7 and 1:15) different Solid-Liquid ratios. Performance in terms of chemical removal is yet to be determined due to analytical problems. A phytotoxicity test using radish seeds (germination index at 72 and 120 h and relative root elongation at 120 h) was performed on the soil washed by the biosurfactants produced during this work and a previous experiment where different production conditions were explored and produced biosurfactant was untested. Cell anchored biosurfactants appear to strongly affect plant germination (GI% 23.3% and 45% at 72h, SL ratio of 1:7 and 1:15 respectively) with effects comparable to the one associated to Tritonx100 at 5 cmc (GI% 61.7% and 53.3%, SL ratio of 1:7 and 1:15 respectively); radical growth resulted less impacted. The other tested biosurfactant had positive effects in germination index but root elongation was strongly reduced. Phytotoxic effects of the biomass-based solution makes it unfit for soil washing applications.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251268