Industrial burners are increasingly required to operate safely over wide ranges of excess air while maintaining stable combustion. In collaboration with Cannon Bono, this thesis proposes and validates a CFD-based methodology (implemented in ANSYS Fluent) to identify stable operating conditions of an industrial non-premixed methane–air burner by linking numerical post-processing indicators to experimentally observed stability limits. CFD simulations were performed for four thermal load levels and multiple target oxygen contents in the flue gas. From the numerical solution, a dimensionless stoichiometric-area parameter Ψ was proposed, defined as the relative change of the stoichiometric iso-surface area with respect to a reference condition. The stoichiometric surface was extracted using two alternative definitions, mixture fraction (Z = Zst) and equivalence ratio (ϕ = 1), to verify the robustness of the metric. Experimental tests were carried out under the same four load conditions by keeping the fuel input constant and progressively increasing the air flow rate, while monitoring key exhaust variables and flame stability indicators. The experiments showed a consistent appearance of instability across loads: no flickering is observed up to ≈ 7% O2 in the flue gas, while flickering appears at ≈ 8% O2 for all loads; blocking occurs at load-dependent oxygen levels. The proposed Ψ parameter captures this behavior: it remains positive in the experimentally stable range and decreases to zero/negative values as the oxygen content approaches ≈ 8%, indicating a progressive reduction of the stoichiometric region, consistent with the interpretations of the literature, linking the reduction of the stoichiometric-surface to the blow-off risk. The Ψ curves exhibit similar behavior in the different loads, suggesting a weak dependence on fuel input and a dominant role of oxidizer input and mixing. A complementary Damköhler-number analysis provides Da > 1 for all cases, confirming a mixing-controlled regime; however, the resulting Da–Tmax plot does not provide a clear S-curve aligned with the measured stability limits. In general, this Ψ-based approach provides a practical tool to map stable and near-limit industrial burner operations using CFD. It also offers a scalable basis for comparing future design modifications.
I bruciatori industriali devono operare in sicurezza su ampi intervalli di eccesso d’aria mantenendo una combustione stabile. In collaborazione con Cannon Bono, questa tesi propone e valida una metodologia CFD (implementata in ANSYS Fluent) per identificare le condizioni operative stabili di un bruciatore industriale a metano–aria non premiscelato, collegando indicatori di post-processing ai limiti di stabilità osservati sperimentalmente. Le simulazioni sono state eseguite per quattro livelli di carico termico e diversi valori obiettivo di O2 nei fumi. Dalla soluzione numerica è stato introdotto il parametro adimensionale di area stechiometrica Ψ, definito come variazione relativa dell’area dell’isosuperficie stechiometrica rispetto a una condizione di riferimento. La superficie è stata identificata tramite due definizioni alternative, frazione di miscela (Z = Zst) e rapporto di equivalenza (ϕ = 1), per verificarne la robustezza. Le prove sperimentali, condotte nelle stesse condizioni di carico con combustibile costante e incremento progressivo dell’aria, mostrano un comportamento coerente: assenza di flickering fino a ≈ 7% di O2, comparsa a ≈ 8% per tutti i carichi, e blocco a valori dipendenti dal carico. Il parametro Ψ riproduce tale tendenza, rimanendo positivo nell’intervallo stabile e riducendosi fino a valori nulli o negativi in prossimità di ≈ 8% di O2, indicando una progressiva contrazione della regione stechiometrica in accordo con la letteratura sul blow-off. L’andamento simile tra i carichi suggerisce una debole dipendenza dal combustibile e un ruolo dominante del mixing. L’analisi del numero di Damköhler (Da > 1 in tutti i casi) conferma un regime controllato dal mixing; tuttavia, il diagramma Da–Tmax non evidenzia una chiara S-curve coerente con i limiti sperimentali. Nel complesso, l’approccio basato su Ψ rappresenta uno strumento pratico e scalabile per mappare condizioni operative stabili e prossime al limite in bruciatori industriali.
CFD and experimental investigation of flame stability in an industrial non-premixed methane-air burner
MANCERA VELASCO, DANIEL FELIPE
2024/2025
Abstract
Industrial burners are increasingly required to operate safely over wide ranges of excess air while maintaining stable combustion. In collaboration with Cannon Bono, this thesis proposes and validates a CFD-based methodology (implemented in ANSYS Fluent) to identify stable operating conditions of an industrial non-premixed methane–air burner by linking numerical post-processing indicators to experimentally observed stability limits. CFD simulations were performed for four thermal load levels and multiple target oxygen contents in the flue gas. From the numerical solution, a dimensionless stoichiometric-area parameter Ψ was proposed, defined as the relative change of the stoichiometric iso-surface area with respect to a reference condition. The stoichiometric surface was extracted using two alternative definitions, mixture fraction (Z = Zst) and equivalence ratio (ϕ = 1), to verify the robustness of the metric. Experimental tests were carried out under the same four load conditions by keeping the fuel input constant and progressively increasing the air flow rate, while monitoring key exhaust variables and flame stability indicators. The experiments showed a consistent appearance of instability across loads: no flickering is observed up to ≈ 7% O2 in the flue gas, while flickering appears at ≈ 8% O2 for all loads; blocking occurs at load-dependent oxygen levels. The proposed Ψ parameter captures this behavior: it remains positive in the experimentally stable range and decreases to zero/negative values as the oxygen content approaches ≈ 8%, indicating a progressive reduction of the stoichiometric region, consistent with the interpretations of the literature, linking the reduction of the stoichiometric-surface to the blow-off risk. The Ψ curves exhibit similar behavior in the different loads, suggesting a weak dependence on fuel input and a dominant role of oxidizer input and mixing. A complementary Damköhler-number analysis provides Da > 1 for all cases, confirming a mixing-controlled regime; however, the resulting Da–Tmax plot does not provide a clear S-curve aligned with the measured stability limits. In general, this Ψ-based approach provides a practical tool to map stable and near-limit industrial burner operations using CFD. It also offers a scalable basis for comparing future design modifications.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2026_03_Mancera.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Text of the Thesis
Dimensione
7.86 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
7.86 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251313