The research investigates the state of the art of Social Housing projects in Europe and analyzes the relationship between Smart Buildings and Social Housing, with the aim of understanding how Smart Building technologies are implemented within Social Housing projects. Methodologically, the research combines a literature review with an empirical analysis based on the creation of a database of 177 Social Housing projects, either completed or under development. For each project, 31 variables were collected, covering economic, environmental, technological and social dimensions. A specific indicator, the "Sustainability Rating," was developed to evaluate the environmental performance of each project. The results show significant heterogeneity across European countries. While countries such as Austria, the Netherlands, and Denmark demonstrate consolidated approaches to social housing, Italy presents a more fragmented scenario, with a strong territorial concentration of projects in Lombardy. From a technological perspective, environmental sustainability solutions are widely implemented, while more advanced Smart Building technologies, such as remote home automation, remain limited in their diffusion. A key finding of the research is the parallel growth in construction costs per square meter and the environmental sustainability of projects over time. This trend suggests that higher environmental performance is generally associated with higher initial investments. Despite this, Social Housing projects continue to offer rental rates significantly below market levels, confirming their role as a tool for affordability and social inclusion.
La ricerca indaga lo stato dell'arte dei progetti di Social Housing in Europa e analizza la relazione tra Smart Building e Social Housing, con l'obiettivo di comprendere come le tecnologie tipiche degli Smart Building sono implementate all'interno dei progetti di Social Housing. Metodologicamente, la ricerca combina una revisione della letteratura con un'analisi empirica basata sulla creazione di un database comprendente 177 progetti di Social Housing completati o in fase di sviluppo. Per ciascun progetto sono state raccolte 31 variabili, che coprono dimensioni economiche, ambientali, tecnologiche e sociali. È stato sviluppato un indicatore specifico, il "Rating di Sostenibilità", per valutare le prestazioni ambientali di ciascun progetto. I risultati mostrano una significativa eterogeneità tra i paesi europei. Mentre nazioni come Austria, Paesi Bassi e Danimarca dimostrano approcci consolidati all'edilizia sociale, l'Italia presenta uno scenario più frammentato, con una forte concentrazione territoriale di progetti in Lombardia. Dal punto di vista tecnologico, le soluzioni di sostenibilità ambientale sono ampiamente implementate mentre, tecnologie tipiche degli Smart Building più avanzate come la domotica da remoto, rimangono limitate nella diffusione. Un risultato chiave della ricerca riguarda la crescita parallela del costo di costruzione al metro quadro e della sostenibilità ambientale dei progetti nel tempo. Questa tendenza suggerisce che prestazioni ambientali più elevate sono generalmente associate a maggiori investimenti iniziali. Nonostante ciò, i progetti di Social Housing continuano a offrire canoni di locazione significativamente inferiori ai livelli di mercato, confermando il loro ruolo di strumento di accessibilità economica e inclusione sociale.
Smart Buildings and Social Housing: an analysis of the contributions of Smart Buildings to housing accessibility and inclusiveness
VITALI, ANDREA
2025/2026
Abstract
The research investigates the state of the art of Social Housing projects in Europe and analyzes the relationship between Smart Buildings and Social Housing, with the aim of understanding how Smart Building technologies are implemented within Social Housing projects. Methodologically, the research combines a literature review with an empirical analysis based on the creation of a database of 177 Social Housing projects, either completed or under development. For each project, 31 variables were collected, covering economic, environmental, technological and social dimensions. A specific indicator, the "Sustainability Rating," was developed to evaluate the environmental performance of each project. The results show significant heterogeneity across European countries. While countries such as Austria, the Netherlands, and Denmark demonstrate consolidated approaches to social housing, Italy presents a more fragmented scenario, with a strong territorial concentration of projects in Lombardy. From a technological perspective, environmental sustainability solutions are widely implemented, while more advanced Smart Building technologies, such as remote home automation, remain limited in their diffusion. A key finding of the research is the parallel growth in construction costs per square meter and the environmental sustainability of projects over time. This trend suggests that higher environmental performance is generally associated with higher initial investments. Despite this, Social Housing projects continue to offer rental rates significantly below market levels, confirming their role as a tool for affordability and social inclusion.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Vitali.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251389