Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) represent a fundamental pillar of the European economy. However, their innovative capabilities are often limited by structural barriers, such as financial resources and restricted access to external knowledge. Public funding schemes, including the European Horizon 2020 (2014-2020), provide funding and promote collaborative research as a mechanism to overcome these constraints. This Thesis investigates the innovative performance of R&D projects funded within the Horizon 2020 scheme, exploring whether the proximity characterizing the consortia of partnering firms affects project-specific patenting activity. It considers the role of prior relational ties and knowledge diversity among partnering firms. The empirical analysis is based on data from the CORDIS database, providing projectlevel information on financed projects, partnering firms, and patenting activities, and the Orbis database, providing firm-level financial and firmographic information. Upon considering projects with complete information, the final sample considered consists of 1,551 projects involving 3,298 firms. Although Horizon 2020 formally covered the period 2014–2020, the projects included in the analysis span from 2014 to 2022, as many initiatives funded under the program continued beyond its official closing year. Results from regression analysis show that the presence of previous collaborations among project partners significantly increases both the likelihood of applying for patents and the number of patent applications. Conversely, knowledge proximity does not exert a significant effect. This dissertation provides empirical evidence on the role of consortium composition in shaping innovative outcomes within European publicly funded R&D projects, examining the extent to which proximity among partnering firms can indeed bolster innovation outcomes in terms of patenting. Results also bear implications for managers and entrepreneurs, underlining the strategic importance of partner selection and balanced proximity configurations. They can also inform policymakers, providing insights on designing funding schemes with consortium structures.
Le piccole e medie imprese (PMI) rappresentano un pilastro fondamentale dell’economia europea. Tuttavia, le loro capacità innovative sono spesso limitate da barriere strutturali, quali risorse finanziarie insufficienti e un accesso ristretto alla conoscenza esterna. I programmi di finanziamento pubblico, tra cui Horizon 2020 (2014-2020), forniscono risorse economiche e promuovono la ricerca collaborativa come meccanismo per superare tali limiti. La presente tesi indaga la performance innovativa dei progetti di R&S finanziati nell’ambito di Horizon 2020, analizzando se la prossimità che caratterizza i consorzi di imprese partner influenzi l’attività brevettuale specifica di progetto. In particolare, viene considerato il ruolo dei legami relazionali pregressi e della diversità delle conoscenze tra le imprese partner. L’analisi empirica si basa sui dati del database CORDIS, che fornisce informazioni a livello di progetto sui finanziamenti concessi, sulle imprese partner e sulle attività brevettuali, e del database Orbis, che fornisce informazioni finanziarie e anagrafiche a livello di impresa. Considerando esclusivamente i progetti con informazioni complete, il campione finale è composto da 1.551 progetti che coinvolgono 3.298 imprese. Sebbene Horizon 2020 coprisse formalmente il periodo 2014–2020, i progetti inclusi nell’analisi si estendono dal 2014 al 2022, poiché molte iniziative finanziate nell’ambito del programma sono proseguite oltre il suo anno ufficiale di chiusura. I risultati dell’analisi di regressione mostrano che la presenza di collaborazioni precedenti tra i partner di progetto aumenta significativamente sia la probabilità di presentare domande di brevetto sia il numero di domande depositate. Al contrario, la prossimità cognitiva (knowledge proximity) non esercita un effetto significativo. Questa tesi fornisce evidenza empirica sul ruolo della composizione del consorzio nel determinare i risultati innovativi nei progetti europei di R&S finanziati con fondi pubblici, esaminando in che misura la prossimità tra imprese partner possa effettivamente rafforzare gli esiti innovativi in termini di attività brevettuale. I risultati hanno inoltre implicazioni per manager e imprenditori, evidenziando l’importanza strategica della selezione dei partner e di configurazioni di prossimità bilanciate. Possono infine offrire spunti ai policymaker per la progettazione di schemi di finanziamento con strutture consortili adeguate.
Consortium proximity and SME innovation outcomes: evidence from EU-funded collaborative projects
CALEGARI, FRANCESCO;Cazzaniga, Riccardo
2024/2025
Abstract
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) represent a fundamental pillar of the European economy. However, their innovative capabilities are often limited by structural barriers, such as financial resources and restricted access to external knowledge. Public funding schemes, including the European Horizon 2020 (2014-2020), provide funding and promote collaborative research as a mechanism to overcome these constraints. This Thesis investigates the innovative performance of R&D projects funded within the Horizon 2020 scheme, exploring whether the proximity characterizing the consortia of partnering firms affects project-specific patenting activity. It considers the role of prior relational ties and knowledge diversity among partnering firms. The empirical analysis is based on data from the CORDIS database, providing projectlevel information on financed projects, partnering firms, and patenting activities, and the Orbis database, providing firm-level financial and firmographic information. Upon considering projects with complete information, the final sample considered consists of 1,551 projects involving 3,298 firms. Although Horizon 2020 formally covered the period 2014–2020, the projects included in the analysis span from 2014 to 2022, as many initiatives funded under the program continued beyond its official closing year. Results from regression analysis show that the presence of previous collaborations among project partners significantly increases both the likelihood of applying for patents and the number of patent applications. Conversely, knowledge proximity does not exert a significant effect. This dissertation provides empirical evidence on the role of consortium composition in shaping innovative outcomes within European publicly funded R&D projects, examining the extent to which proximity among partnering firms can indeed bolster innovation outcomes in terms of patenting. Results also bear implications for managers and entrepreneurs, underlining the strategic importance of partner selection and balanced proximity configurations. They can also inform policymakers, providing insights on designing funding schemes with consortium structures.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Calegari_Cazzaniga_Executive Summary.pdf
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2026_03_Calegari_Cazzaniga_Tesi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251598