CubeSats are increasingly extending their applicability from low-Earth orbit to more challenging cislunar and deep-space missions. In this context, eclipse events represent a critical operational constraint, particularly for those spacecrafts whose electrical and propulsion resources are limited. For missions operating on quasi-periodic orbits at the libration points of the Earth-Moon system, the eclipse events are highly sensitive to the orbit injection epoch and may impact mission feasibility because of their length. This thesis investigates how active eclipse avoidance can be integrated into station-keeping strategies for Quasi-Halo orbits, maintaining robustness and assessing the propellant expenditure. The LUMIO Mission, a 12U CubeSat developed for lunar meteoroid impact observations, is adopted as test case. A constraint-based analytical framework is developed to actively mitigate eclipse events without relying on global optimization procedures. Eclipse avoidance and recovery maneuvers are formulated as linearized control problems and are solved using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, yielding computational efficient closed-form solutions. The eclipse avoidance constraint is formulated by the means of the continuous and differentiable formulated shadow function, which quantifies the spacecraft proximity to the eclipse regions generated by Earth and Moon. To manage the deviations introduced by the eclipse avoidance, a recovery strategy is formulated based on a linearity tube constraint, which ensures the validity of subsequent station-keeping maneuvers under linearized dynamics. The complete strategy is applied to multiple Quasi-Halo reference trajectories, and its performance is assessed through high-fidelity numerical simulations. While the results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the methodology, the associated cost in terms of ΔV is shown to be significant for the LUMIO Mission in several cases, highlighting the conservative character of the strategy and the stringent nature of the enforced constraints.
I CubeSat stanno progressivamente estendendo il proprio ambito applicativo dalle basse orbite terrestri alle missioni cislunari e di spazio profondo, caratterizzate da condizioni operative più complesse. In questo contesto, gli eventi di eclissi rappresentano un vincolo operativo critico, soprattutto per satelliti con risorse elettriche e propulsive limitate. Per missioni su orbite quasi-periodiche in prossimità dei punti Lagrangiani del sistema Terra–Luna, la presenza e la durata delle eclissi risultano fortemente sensibili all’epoca di iniezione orbitale, incidendo in modo significativo sulla fattibilità della missione. Questa tesi analizza l’integrazione di strategie di evitamento attivo delle eclissi nel mantenimento d’orbita per orbite Quasi-Halo, valutandone la robustezza del controllo e l’impatto in termini di consumo di propellente. La missione LUMIO, un CubeSat 12U dedicato all’osservazione degli impatti meteoritici lunari, è adottata come caso di studio. Viene sviluppata una struttura analitica basata su vincoli per la mitigazione attiva delle eclissi, senza ricorrere a procedure di ottimizzazione globale. Le manovre di evitamento e recupero sono formulate come problemi di controllo linearizzati e risolte mediante le condizioni di Karush–Kuhn–Tucker, ottenendo soluzioni in forma chiusa computazionalmente efficienti. Il vincolo di evitamento è modellato tramite una funzione d’ombra continua e differenziabile, che misura la prossimità del satellite alle regioni di eclissi generate da Terra e Luna. Le deviazioni introdotte dalle manovre di evitamento sono gestite mediante una strategia di recupero basata su un vincolo di tubo di linearità, che garantisce la validità della dinamica linearizzata e di conseguenza delle successive manovre di mantenimento d’orbita. La metodologia è applicata a diverse traiettorie di riferimento Quasi-Halo e valutata tramite simulazioni numeriche ad alta fedeltà. I risultati mostrano l’efficacia e la robustezza dell’approccio proposto; tuttavia, il costo in termini di ΔV risulta significativo per la missione LUMIO in diversi scenari, evidenziando il carattere conservativo della strategia e la natura stringente dei vincoli adottati.
Eclipse-free station-keeping for quasi-halo orbits with application to the LUMIO mission
Dalone, Giovanni
2025/2026
Abstract
CubeSats are increasingly extending their applicability from low-Earth orbit to more challenging cislunar and deep-space missions. In this context, eclipse events represent a critical operational constraint, particularly for those spacecrafts whose electrical and propulsion resources are limited. For missions operating on quasi-periodic orbits at the libration points of the Earth-Moon system, the eclipse events are highly sensitive to the orbit injection epoch and may impact mission feasibility because of their length. This thesis investigates how active eclipse avoidance can be integrated into station-keeping strategies for Quasi-Halo orbits, maintaining robustness and assessing the propellant expenditure. The LUMIO Mission, a 12U CubeSat developed for lunar meteoroid impact observations, is adopted as test case. A constraint-based analytical framework is developed to actively mitigate eclipse events without relying on global optimization procedures. Eclipse avoidance and recovery maneuvers are formulated as linearized control problems and are solved using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, yielding computational efficient closed-form solutions. The eclipse avoidance constraint is formulated by the means of the continuous and differentiable formulated shadow function, which quantifies the spacecraft proximity to the eclipse regions generated by Earth and Moon. To manage the deviations introduced by the eclipse avoidance, a recovery strategy is formulated based on a linearity tube constraint, which ensures the validity of subsequent station-keeping maneuvers under linearized dynamics. The complete strategy is applied to multiple Quasi-Halo reference trajectories, and its performance is assessed through high-fidelity numerical simulations. While the results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the methodology, the associated cost in terms of ΔV is shown to be significant for the LUMIO Mission in several cases, highlighting the conservative character of the strategy and the stringent nature of the enforced constraints.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Dalone.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo Tesi
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2026_03_Dalone_executive_summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251608