Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) represents one of the most promising innovative configurations for sustainable aviation, exploiting the interaction between propeller slipstreams and aerodynamic surfaces to improve aircraft efficiency and control authority. This master’s thesis illustrates a novel approach to aero-propulsive modeling and system identification for DEP aircraft. The placement of multiple propellers along the wing leading edge induces a significant change in the overall flow field, affecting both performance and flying qualities. However, a direct approach to modeling such effects based on simplified theoretical formulations can hardly predict the complex behavior of the aircraft. Therefore, model identification is necessary to achieve some insight on the phenomenon. Primary objectives include providing modeling tools for DEP aircraft design and developing a high-fidelity simulation model for control law synthesis. The identification process relies on experimental data collected through an automated flight test campaign, carried out in previous work, on the SwitchMaster scaled DEP demonstrator. To overcome the inherent limitations of small-scale testing, specifically highly damped dynamics and the lack of dedicated instrumentation, this thesis introduces a refined multi-step identification procedure. This methodology prioritizes algorithmic robustness via a staged estimation process; by implementing sequential refinement to maintain a physically sound baseline, the procedure ensures consistency with the aircraft's dynamics while addressing limited model identifiability and the inaccuracies inherent in state reconstruction. The resulting global models are validated against newly acquired flight data, demonstrating high predictive accuracy across the flight envelope. The identification results are then applied to evaluate the impact of the wing-blowing effect on aerodynamic performance and dynamic stability. Finally, a preliminary characterization of a propulsive control configuration is provided, investigating the potential of differential thrust for augmented control authority.
La propulsione elettrica distribuita (DEP) si configura come una delle architetture più promettenti per l’aviazione sostenibile, grazie alla possibilità di sfruttare l’interazione tra le scie delle eliche e le superfici aerodinamiche per incrementare l’efficienza del velivolo e la manovrabilità. Il presente progetto di tesi illustra un approccio innovativo alla modellazione aero-propulsiva e all’identificazione parametrica per velivoli DEP. L’integrazione di una serie di motori lungo il bordo d’attacco alare altera profondamente il campo di moto, incidendo sia sulle prestazioni che sulle qualità di volo. Una modellazione puramente teorica, basata su principi primi, risulta tuttavia insufficiente a descrivere in modo accurato tali fenomeni complessi; si rende pertanto necessario un processo di identificazione a partire da dati sperimentali. Gli obiettivi principali della ricerca riguardano lo sviluppo di modelli aero-propulsivi per la progettazione di velivoli DEP e lo sviluppo di un simulatore ad alta fedeltà per la sintesi di leggi di controllo. Il processo di identificazione sfrutta i dati acquisiti mediante una campagna di prove di volo automatizzate condotta sullo SwitchMaster, un dimostratore DEP in scala. Per superare le limitazioni tipiche delle prove su velivoli in scala ridotta, quali dinamiche fortemente smorzate e assenza di strumentazione dedicata, è stata sviluppata una procedura di identificazione multi-step articolata in fasi successive di raffinamento. Tale metodologia privilegia la robustezza numerica e garantisce la coerenza fisica del modello di base, affrontando al contempo problematiche di identificabilità e incertezze legate alla ricostruzione degli stati. I modelli globali ottenuti sono stati validati mediante nuove prove di volo, evidenziando un’elevata capacità predittiva sull’intero inviluppo considerato. I risultati dell’identificazione sono quindi impiegati per valutare l'impatto del soffiaggio alare sulle prestazioni aerodinamiche e sulla stabilità dinamica. Infine, viene proposta una caratterizzazione preliminare di una configurazione di controllo propulsivo, valutando il potenziale della spinta differenziale come strumento per aumentare l'autorità di manovra.
Multistep system identification procedure for the development of a global aero-propulsive model of a distributed electric propulsion demonstrator
MASSA, LORENZO
2024/2025
Abstract
Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) represents one of the most promising innovative configurations for sustainable aviation, exploiting the interaction between propeller slipstreams and aerodynamic surfaces to improve aircraft efficiency and control authority. This master’s thesis illustrates a novel approach to aero-propulsive modeling and system identification for DEP aircraft. The placement of multiple propellers along the wing leading edge induces a significant change in the overall flow field, affecting both performance and flying qualities. However, a direct approach to modeling such effects based on simplified theoretical formulations can hardly predict the complex behavior of the aircraft. Therefore, model identification is necessary to achieve some insight on the phenomenon. Primary objectives include providing modeling tools for DEP aircraft design and developing a high-fidelity simulation model for control law synthesis. The identification process relies on experimental data collected through an automated flight test campaign, carried out in previous work, on the SwitchMaster scaled DEP demonstrator. To overcome the inherent limitations of small-scale testing, specifically highly damped dynamics and the lack of dedicated instrumentation, this thesis introduces a refined multi-step identification procedure. This methodology prioritizes algorithmic robustness via a staged estimation process; by implementing sequential refinement to maintain a physically sound baseline, the procedure ensures consistency with the aircraft's dynamics while addressing limited model identifiability and the inaccuracies inherent in state reconstruction. The resulting global models are validated against newly acquired flight data, demonstrating high predictive accuracy across the flight envelope. The identification results are then applied to evaluate the impact of the wing-blowing effect on aerodynamic performance and dynamic stability. Finally, a preliminary characterization of a propulsive control configuration is provided, investigating the potential of differential thrust for augmented control authority.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2026_03_Massa_Tesi.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti a partire dal 02/03/2029
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
Dimensione
35.64 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
35.64 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
|
2026_03_Massa_executive summary.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti a partire dal 02/03/2029
Descrizione: Executive summary
Dimensione
5.51 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
5.51 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251611