This MSc thesis investigates the design and preparation of novel extraction systems intended for hydrometallurgical separation processes derived from the PUREX process. The objective is to develop more efficient and more sustainable extracting systems using two different classes of innovative formulations: Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and Waste Cooking Oils (WCOs). All the attempted formulations are intended to be used as diluent for N,N,N’,N’-tetraoctyldiglicolamide (TODGA). Different DESs were synthesized using several chemicals, such as decanoic acid, menthol, and lidocaine. The study also explored the use of WCOs as alternative diluent components by progressively integrating them into conventional solvent systems, with the aim of creating a greener formulation with respect to the reference one composed of kerosene and octanol. In order to evaluate the applicability of the mixtures, they have been tested from the point of view of extraction efficiency evaluating the co-extraction of Am241 and Eu152, representative of minor actinides and lanthanides respectively, within the considered nitric acid concentrations. Furthermore, the stability of the systems was evaluated under stress conditions, including prolonged contact with nitric acid, up to a concentration of 5 M, and γ irradiation up to a dose of 200 kGy assessing their degradation resistance and potential reuse. Both the strategies show promising results for what concerns both the extraction efficiency and the greenness of the system. These outcomes demonstrate that both approaches represent viable and more sustainable alternatives for advanced separation processes in nuclear fuel reprocessing.
Questa tesi di Laurea Magistrale studia la progettazione e la preparazione di nuovi sistemi estrattivi destinati a processi di separazione idrometallurgica derivati dal processo PUREX. L’obiettivo è sviluppare sistemi estrattivi più efficienti e sostenibili utilizzando due diverse classi di formulazioni innovative: i solventi eutettici profondi (Deep Eutectic Solvents, DES) e gli oli da cucina esausti (Waste Cooking Oils, WCO). Tutte le formulazioni sviluppate sono destinate all’utilizzo come solvente per la dissoluzione di N,N,N’,N’-trioctildiglicolammide (TODGA). Sono stati sintetizzati diversi DES a base di TODGA utilizzando varie sostanze, come acido decanoico, mentolo e lidocaina. Per quanto riguarda invece i WCO, diverse quantità di oli sono state miscelate con cherosene oppure ottanolo nel tentativo di sostituirli, con l’obiettivo di ottenere una formulazione più sostenibile rispetto a quella di riferimento, composta da cherosene e ottanolo. Al fine di valutare l’applicabilità delle miscele, esse sono state testate dal punto di vista dell’efficienza di estrazione valutando la coestrazione di Am241 ed Eu152, rappresentativi rispettivamente degli attinidi minori e dei lantanidi, nell’intervallo di concentrazioni di acido nitrico considerato. Inoltre, la stabilità dei sistemi è stata valutata in condizioni di stress, inclusi il contatto prolungato con acido nitrico, fino a una concentrazione di 5 M, e l’irraggiamento γ, fino a una dose di 200 kGy, al fine di valutarne la resistenza alla degradazione e il potenziale riutilizzo. Entrambe le strategie mostrano risultati promettenti sia in termini di efficienza di estrazione sia di sostenibilità del sistema. I dati ottenuti dimostrano che entrambi gli approcci rappresentano alternative promettenti e più sostenibili per processi avanzati di separazione nel riprocessamento del combustibile nucleare.
Innovative and sustainable TODGA-based solvents for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing
Di MAIO, DAVIDE
2024/2025
Abstract
This MSc thesis investigates the design and preparation of novel extraction systems intended for hydrometallurgical separation processes derived from the PUREX process. The objective is to develop more efficient and more sustainable extracting systems using two different classes of innovative formulations: Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and Waste Cooking Oils (WCOs). All the attempted formulations are intended to be used as diluent for N,N,N’,N’-tetraoctyldiglicolamide (TODGA). Different DESs were synthesized using several chemicals, such as decanoic acid, menthol, and lidocaine. The study also explored the use of WCOs as alternative diluent components by progressively integrating them into conventional solvent systems, with the aim of creating a greener formulation with respect to the reference one composed of kerosene and octanol. In order to evaluate the applicability of the mixtures, they have been tested from the point of view of extraction efficiency evaluating the co-extraction of Am241 and Eu152, representative of minor actinides and lanthanides respectively, within the considered nitric acid concentrations. Furthermore, the stability of the systems was evaluated under stress conditions, including prolonged contact with nitric acid, up to a concentration of 5 M, and γ irradiation up to a dose of 200 kGy assessing their degradation resistance and potential reuse. Both the strategies show promising results for what concerns both the extraction efficiency and the greenness of the system. These outcomes demonstrate that both approaches represent viable and more sustainable alternatives for advanced separation processes in nuclear fuel reprocessing.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Executive_Summary_Davide_Di_Maio.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive summary
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Tesi_Davide_Di_Maio.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi
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8.5 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251612