Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the main causes of disability and reduced functional ability, with a significant impact on quality of life and healthcare systems. In clinical practice, the assessment of musculoskeletal damage is often based on qualitative methods and clinical observation, which have limitations in terms of accuracy and repeatability. Biomedical technologies allow the objective measurement of several functional parameters, but their use in clinical practice is still limited. This thesis reviews the literature on the use of objective tools for the clinical assessment of musculoskeletal damage. A literature analysis was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Experimental studies using objective technologies in clinical settings were included, while review articles, rehabilitation studies and approaches based on visual or qualitative assessments were excluded. For each study, the technologies used, the body districts analysed and the measured parameters were examined. Out of a total of 13,482 articles, 42 studies were included in the analysis. Integrated systems were the most used technology (45%), followed by inertial sensors and optoelectronic systems (14% each). The upper limbs were the most frequently analysed body region (36%), followed by the spine (24%) and the lower limbs (21%). The most measured parameter was range of motion (29%), followed by gait parameters (24%) and muscle activity (12%). The results show an increasing use of integrated systems, which allow a more complete assessment of musculoskeletal function. However, these systems are often expensive, complex and require controlled environments. Simpler and portable technologies show good potential for clinical use, although they still have some limitations in terms of accuracy. The use of objective tools allows a more accurate and repeatable assessment of musculoskeletal damage compared to traditional methods. Future studies should focus on clinical validation, simplification of procedures and operator training to promote their use in clinical practice.
Le patologie muscoloscheletriche sono una delle principali cause di disabilità e riduzione della funzionalità, con un impatto significativo sulla qualità della vita e sui sistemi sanitari. Nella pratica clinica, la valutazione del danno muscoloscheletrico si basa spesso su metodi qualitativi e basati sull’osservazione clinica, che presentano limiti di precisione e ripetibilità. Le tecnologie biomedicali permettono di misurare in modo oggettivo diversi parametri funzionali, ma il loro utilizzo clinico è ancora limitato. Questa tesi analizza la letteratura sull’uso di strumenti oggettivi per la valutazione clinica del danno muscoloscheletrico. È stata svolta un’analisi della letteratura sui database PubMed, Scopus e Cochrane. Sono stati inclusi studi sperimentali che utilizzano tecnologie oggettive in ambito clinico, mentre sono stati esclusi articoli di revisione, studi riabilitativi e approcci fondati su valutazioni visive o qualitative. Per ogni studio sono state analizzate le tecnologie utilizzate, i distretti corporei studiati e i parametri misurati. Da un totale di 13.482 articoli, 42 studi sono stati inclusi nell’analisi. I sistemi integrati sono la tecnologia più utilizzata (45%), seguiti dai sensori inerziali e dai sistemi optoelettronici (14% ciascuno). Gli arti superiori rappresentano il distretto più analizzato (36%), seguiti dalla colonna vertebrale (24%) e dagli arti inferiori (21%). Il parametro più misurato è il range di movimento (29%), seguito dai parametri del cammino (24%) e dall’attività muscolare (12%). I risultati mostrano un crescente utilizzo di sistemi integrati, in grado di fornire una valutazione più completa della funzione muscoloscheletrica. Tuttavia, questi sistemi risultano spesso costosi, complessi e richiedono ambienti controllati. Tecnologie più semplici e portatili mostrano buone potenzialità in ambito clinico, anche se presentano alcune limitazioni in termini di accuratezza. L’impiego di strumenti oggettivi consente una valutazione più precisa e ripetibile del danno muscoloscheletrico rispetto ai metodi tradizionali. Studi futuri dovrebbero concentrarsi sulla validazione clinica degli strumenti, sulla semplificazione delle procedure e sulla formazione degli operatori, per favorirne l’uso nella pratica clinica.
Valutazione clinica del grado di danno muscoloscheletrico tramite valutazione quantitativa: analisi della letteratura
LORENZI, ELENA
2024/2025
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the main causes of disability and reduced functional ability, with a significant impact on quality of life and healthcare systems. In clinical practice, the assessment of musculoskeletal damage is often based on qualitative methods and clinical observation, which have limitations in terms of accuracy and repeatability. Biomedical technologies allow the objective measurement of several functional parameters, but their use in clinical practice is still limited. This thesis reviews the literature on the use of objective tools for the clinical assessment of musculoskeletal damage. A literature analysis was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Experimental studies using objective technologies in clinical settings were included, while review articles, rehabilitation studies and approaches based on visual or qualitative assessments were excluded. For each study, the technologies used, the body districts analysed and the measured parameters were examined. Out of a total of 13,482 articles, 42 studies were included in the analysis. Integrated systems were the most used technology (45%), followed by inertial sensors and optoelectronic systems (14% each). The upper limbs were the most frequently analysed body region (36%), followed by the spine (24%) and the lower limbs (21%). The most measured parameter was range of motion (29%), followed by gait parameters (24%) and muscle activity (12%). The results show an increasing use of integrated systems, which allow a more complete assessment of musculoskeletal function. However, these systems are often expensive, complex and require controlled environments. Simpler and portable technologies show good potential for clinical use, although they still have some limitations in terms of accuracy. The use of objective tools allows a more accurate and repeatable assessment of musculoskeletal damage compared to traditional methods. Future studies should focus on clinical validation, simplification of procedures and operator training to promote their use in clinical practice.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Lorenzi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251613