The Mediterranean basin is a climate-risk hotspot: IPCC AR6 projects sea-level rise to exceed 0.43–0.84 m by 2100, with 38,500 km² of coastal land exposed to flooding by mid-century, leading to severe socio-economic consequences. Historically, Italian coastal wetlands functioned as a dynamic buffer capable of adapting to fluctuating sea levels. However, centuries of land reclamation (bonifiche) replaced these adaptive ecosystems with rigid agricultural and urban grids, fundamentally altering the territory's landscape metabolism and stripping it of its inherent resilience. This ecological erasure is compounded by coastal over-development and abusivismo, which populated fragile shorelines with "empty cities" of seasonal residences and service-poor urban contexts. Consequently, the contemporary Italian coastline exists in a state of heightened vulnerability; the removal of natural "sponges" (wetlands) combined with inflexible settlements makes the territory incapable of absorbing future sea-level rise, turning an adaptive landscape into a static and defenseless one. The Agro Pontino serves as a critical case study: once a complex system of marshes, its current state reflects a changed metabolism ill-equipped for impending hazards. The thesis investigates how coastal wetlands can be reimagined through landscape architecture as resilient infrastructures using a scenario-building approach. By identifying vulnerabilities, the project addresses both the present condition (2026)—marked by limited sea access and insufficient infrastructure—and the future landscape (2100), shaped by new hydrological dynamics. Rather than resisting transformation, the research embraces sea-level rise through the concept of “returning”: returning to pre-reclamation conditions where water is an integrated element rather than a threat. Through the Agro Pontino, the thesis argues that solutions lie in recovering the ecological memory of the past and enhancing the hybrid character of ecosystems.
Il bacino del Mediterraneo è un hotspot di rischio climatico: secondo l’IPCC AR6, l’innalzamento del mare supererà 0,43-0,84 m entro il 2100 in scenari ad alte emissioni, esponendo 38.500 km² di coste a inondazioni entro metà secolo. Storicamente, le zone umide italiane fungevano da buffer dinamico capace di adattarsi naturalmente alle fluttuazioni del livello marino e alle intrusioni saline. Tuttavia, secoli di bonifiche hanno sistematicamente sostituito questi ecosistemi adattivi con rigide griglie agricole e urbane, alterando il metabolismo paesaggistico e privando il territorio della sua resilienza. Questa cancellazione ecologica è aggravata da uno sviluppo costiero eccessivo e dall'abusivismo, che ha popolato i litorali di “città vuote” stagionali e contesti poveri di servizi. Oggi la costa italiana versa in uno stato di elevata vulnerabilità: la rimozione delle "spugne" naturali (le zone umide) e la rigidità degli insediamenti rendono il territorio incapace di assorbire i futuri rischi, trasformando un paesaggio adattivo in uno statico e indifeso. L’Agro Pontino è il caso studio emblematico: un tempo complesso sistema di paludi e lagune, il suo metabolismo attuale lo rende impreparato alle sfide idrologiche imminenti. La tesi indaga come le zone umide costiere possano essere ripensate attraverso l’architettura del paesaggio come infrastrutture resilienti, utilizzando un approccio di scenario-building. Analizzando le vulnerabilità attuali, il progetto affronta sia la condizione presente (2026), segnata da infrastrutture carenti e accesso limitato al mare, sia il paesaggio futuro (2100), modellato da nuove dinamiche ecologiche. Anziché opporsi al cambiamento, la ricerca abbraccia l’innalzamento del mare tramite il concetto di “ritorno”: alle condizioni pre-bonifica e a un paesaggio dove l’acqua è un elemento integrato e non una minaccia. Si sostiene, infine, che la soluzione risieda nel recupero della memoria ecologica e nella valorizzazione del carattere ibrido degli ecosistemi.
In-between waters. Italian coastal landscape in Mediterranean Sea Level Rise scenarios: restoration of adaptive ecosystem in the 2100 Agro Pontino
D'Angelo, Benedetta;Fornillo, Tommaso
2025/2026
Abstract
The Mediterranean basin is a climate-risk hotspot: IPCC AR6 projects sea-level rise to exceed 0.43–0.84 m by 2100, with 38,500 km² of coastal land exposed to flooding by mid-century, leading to severe socio-economic consequences. Historically, Italian coastal wetlands functioned as a dynamic buffer capable of adapting to fluctuating sea levels. However, centuries of land reclamation (bonifiche) replaced these adaptive ecosystems with rigid agricultural and urban grids, fundamentally altering the territory's landscape metabolism and stripping it of its inherent resilience. This ecological erasure is compounded by coastal over-development and abusivismo, which populated fragile shorelines with "empty cities" of seasonal residences and service-poor urban contexts. Consequently, the contemporary Italian coastline exists in a state of heightened vulnerability; the removal of natural "sponges" (wetlands) combined with inflexible settlements makes the territory incapable of absorbing future sea-level rise, turning an adaptive landscape into a static and defenseless one. The Agro Pontino serves as a critical case study: once a complex system of marshes, its current state reflects a changed metabolism ill-equipped for impending hazards. The thesis investigates how coastal wetlands can be reimagined through landscape architecture as resilient infrastructures using a scenario-building approach. By identifying vulnerabilities, the project addresses both the present condition (2026)—marked by limited sea access and insufficient infrastructure—and the future landscape (2100), shaped by new hydrological dynamics. Rather than resisting transformation, the research embraces sea-level rise through the concept of “returning”: returning to pre-reclamation conditions where water is an integrated element rather than a threat. Through the Agro Pontino, the thesis argues that solutions lie in recovering the ecological memory of the past and enhancing the hybrid character of ecosystems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_D_Angelo_Fornillo_Boards_01.pdf
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Descrizione: Italian Analysis 2026
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2026_03_D_Angelo_Fornillo_Boards_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Italian Analysis 2100
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2026_03_D_Angelo_Fornillo_Boards_03.pdf
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Descrizione: Agro Pontino Analysis
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2026_03_D_Angelo_Fornillo_Boards_04.pdf
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Descrizione: Masterplan 2026
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2026_03_D_Angelo_Fornillo_Boards_05.pdf
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Descrizione: Masterplan 2100
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2026_03_D_Angelo_Fornillo_Boards_06.pdf
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Descrizione: Project site 2026
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2026_03_D_Angelo_Fornillo_Boards_07.pdf
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Descrizione: Project site 2100
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2026_03_D_Angelo_Fornillo_Columns.pdf
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Descrizione: Additional columns
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2026_03_D_Angelo_Fornillo_Booklet.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251638