The increasing adoption of precision agriculture technologies has led to a significant evolution of variable-rate application systems, highlighting the need for reliable tools to comparatively evaluate different technological solutions prior to their field implementation. In this context, Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) testing represents an effective approach for systematically analyzing the performance of spraying systems, reducing the time, cost, and irreversibility associated with traditional experimental trials. This work develops a SIL-based methodology for comparing four different spraying technologies, ordered by increasing logical and mechanical system complexity. The simulations were implemented in an environment based on IPG CarMaker, used as the vehicle dynamics simulation platform, and AgriSI©, employed as an agricultural simulator for field management, prescription maps, and distribution logics. The technologies were evaluated across six field scenarios characterized by varying geometric complexity and spatial variability, using performance indicators such as the distribution error with respect to the prescription map, which is a key factor for field productivity. Subsequently, the analysis was extended to the study of non-conventional operating trajectories, aimed at reducing working time and fuel consumption. A curve distribution correction algorithm was developed to compensate for localized overdosing effects. Finally, in order to enhance realism and validate the results obtained through simulation, ensuring that the analysis did not remain only a theoretical exercise, a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) test bench based on a commercial ISOBUS control unit was developed. This made it possible to compare simulated behavior with the actual response of the spraying system, paving the way for future developments toward more advanced control technologies.
La crescente diffusione delle tecnologie di agricoltura di precisione ha portato a un’evoluzione significativa dei sistemi di distribuzione a rateo variabile, evidenziando la necessità di strumenti affidabili per la valutazione comparativa delle diverse soluzioni tecnologiche prima della loro implementazione in campo. In questo contesto, i test Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) rappresentano un approccio efficace per analizzare in modo sistematico le prestazioni dei sistemi di irrorazione, riducendo tempi, costi e irreversibilità delle prove sperimentali tradizionali. Questo lavoro sviluppa una metodologia SIL per il confronto di quattro differenti tecnologie di irrorazione in ordine di complessità logica e di sistema meccanico. Le simulazioni sono state implementate in un ambiente basato su IPG CarMaker, utilizzato come piattaforma di simulazione dinamica del veicolo, e AgriSI©, impiegato come simulatore agricolo per la gestione dei campi, delle mappe di prescrizione e delle logiche di distribuzione. Le tecnologie sono state valutate su sei scenari di campo caratterizzati da diversa complessità geometrica e variabilità spaziale, attraverso indicatori di prestazione quali l’errore di distribuzione rispetto alla mappa di prescrizione, molto importante per la produttività del campo stesso. Successivamente, l’analisi è stata estesa allo studio di traiettorie operative non convenzionali, al fine di ridurre tempi di lavorazione e consumi energetici. È stato sviluppato un algoritmo di correzione della distribuzione in curva per compensare gli effetti di sovradosaggio localizzato. Infine, al fine di incrementare il realismo e validare i risultati ottenuti in simulazione, evitando che l’analisi si configurasse come un esercizio solo teorico, è stato realizzato un banco di prova Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) basato su una centralina ISOBUS reale. Ciò ha consentito di confrontare il comportamento simulato con quello effettivo del sistema di irrorazione, aprendo la strada a futuri sviluppi verso tecnologie di controllo più avanzate.
Evaluation of distribution logics in SIL and HIL environments for ISOBUS-controlled equipment for agricultural operations
GIAMBÒ, ANDREA
2024/2025
Abstract
The increasing adoption of precision agriculture technologies has led to a significant evolution of variable-rate application systems, highlighting the need for reliable tools to comparatively evaluate different technological solutions prior to their field implementation. In this context, Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) testing represents an effective approach for systematically analyzing the performance of spraying systems, reducing the time, cost, and irreversibility associated with traditional experimental trials. This work develops a SIL-based methodology for comparing four different spraying technologies, ordered by increasing logical and mechanical system complexity. The simulations were implemented in an environment based on IPG CarMaker, used as the vehicle dynamics simulation platform, and AgriSI©, employed as an agricultural simulator for field management, prescription maps, and distribution logics. The technologies were evaluated across six field scenarios characterized by varying geometric complexity and spatial variability, using performance indicators such as the distribution error with respect to the prescription map, which is a key factor for field productivity. Subsequently, the analysis was extended to the study of non-conventional operating trajectories, aimed at reducing working time and fuel consumption. A curve distribution correction algorithm was developed to compensate for localized overdosing effects. Finally, in order to enhance realism and validate the results obtained through simulation, ensuring that the analysis did not remain only a theoretical exercise, a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) test bench based on a commercial ISOBUS control unit was developed. This made it possible to compare simulated behavior with the actual response of the spraying system, paving the way for future developments toward more advanced control technologies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251661