Situated within the evolving context of Industry 5.0, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into product design represents a paradigm shift, yet current academic literature remains notably fragmented. Existing studies frequently isolate specific product design phases, individual tools, or theoretical ethical and educational concerns, lacking a cohesive overview. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this study addresses this gap by unifying these disparate elements to provide a holistic analysis of the convergence between AI and product design. The thesis is structured into three sections: the first establishes the historical and technical background; the second defines the research methodology; and the third presents the results of the research. Utilizing the HPI d-school model as an analytical backbone, the results indicate that the collaboration establishes a cognitive synergy where both the AI and the product designer assume distinct, evolving functional roles. The AI transitions from a passive tool to an active co-creator, while the designer’s core competency shifts from manual execution to strategic curation and ethical arbitration. While the analysis demonstrates that AI tools offer significant benefits, such as accelerating divergent ideation and enhancing lateral thinking, it also identifies significant barriers, including technical hallucinations, deficits in engineering feasibility, cognitive risks such as design fixation, and critical ethical challenges regarding the perpetuation of bias, digital colonialism and the ambiguity of authorship. Consequently, the study proposes an evolved design framework featuring a preliminary ‘Plan’ phase, dedicated to strategic alignment and regulatory compliance and a ‘Guide-Observe-Guide’ operational paradigm. The findings suggest that future product design education must prioritize critical AI literacy over static software proficiency, positioning the new product designer as a systemic innovator capable of maintaining human agency and ethical oversight in an automated landscape.
Collocato nel contesto in evoluzione dell’Industria 5.0, l’integrazione dell’intelligenza artificiale (IA) nel product design rappresenta un cambio di paradigma, sebbene l’attuale letteratura accademica rimanga notevolmente frammentata. Gli studi esistenti isolano frequentemente specifiche fasi di design del prodotto, singoli strumenti o questioni teoriche di natura etica ed educativa, mancando di una visione d’insieme coesa. Attraverso una Revisione Sistematica della Letteratura (SLR), questo studio colma tale lacuna unificando questi elementi eterogenei per fornire un’analisi olistica della convergenza tra IA e product design. La tesi è strutturata in tre sezioni: la prima delinea il background storico e tecnico; la seconda definisce la metodologia di ricerca; la terza presenta i risultati della ricerca. Utilizzando il modello HPI d-school come struttura analitica di riferimento, i risultati indicano che la collaborazione stabilisce una sinergia cognitiva in cui sia l’IA che il product designer assumono ruoli funzionali distinti e in evoluzione. L’IA passa da strumento passivo a co-creatore attivo, mentre la competenza chiave del designer si sposta dall’esecuzione manuale alla cura strategica e al controllo etico. Sebbene l’analisi dimostri che gli strumenti di IA offrano benefici significativi, come l’accelerazione dell’ideazione divergente e il potenziamento del pensiero laterale, essa identifica anche notevoli barriere, tra cui allucinazioni tecniche, deficit di fattibilità ingegneristica, rischi cognitivi come la fissazione progettuale e sfide etiche critiche riguardanti la perpetuazione di bias, il colonialismo digitale e l’ambiguità dell’autorialità. Di conseguenza, lo studio propone un nuovo framework di design che prevede una fase preliminare di ‘Plan’, dedicata all’allineamento strategico, alla conformità normativa e un paradigma operativo ‘Guide-Observe-Guide’. Inoltre i risultati suggeriscono che la formazione futura debba dare priorità a un’alfabetizzazione critica dell’IA rispetto alla competenza software statica, posizionando il nuovo product designer come un innovatore sistemico capace di mantenere la human agency e la supervisione etica in uno scenario automatizzato.
Navigating AI in product design
Pacioni, Jacopo
2024/2025
Abstract
Situated within the evolving context of Industry 5.0, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into product design represents a paradigm shift, yet current academic literature remains notably fragmented. Existing studies frequently isolate specific product design phases, individual tools, or theoretical ethical and educational concerns, lacking a cohesive overview. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this study addresses this gap by unifying these disparate elements to provide a holistic analysis of the convergence between AI and product design. The thesis is structured into three sections: the first establishes the historical and technical background; the second defines the research methodology; and the third presents the results of the research. Utilizing the HPI d-school model as an analytical backbone, the results indicate that the collaboration establishes a cognitive synergy where both the AI and the product designer assume distinct, evolving functional roles. The AI transitions from a passive tool to an active co-creator, while the designer’s core competency shifts from manual execution to strategic curation and ethical arbitration. While the analysis demonstrates that AI tools offer significant benefits, such as accelerating divergent ideation and enhancing lateral thinking, it also identifies significant barriers, including technical hallucinations, deficits in engineering feasibility, cognitive risks such as design fixation, and critical ethical challenges regarding the perpetuation of bias, digital colonialism and the ambiguity of authorship. Consequently, the study proposes an evolved design framework featuring a preliminary ‘Plan’ phase, dedicated to strategic alignment and regulatory compliance and a ‘Guide-Observe-Guide’ operational paradigm. The findings suggest that future product design education must prioritize critical AI literacy over static software proficiency, positioning the new product designer as a systemic innovator capable of maintaining human agency and ethical oversight in an automated landscape.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251750