Biomethane production via anaerobic digestion represents an alternative to fossil fuels, playing a key role in the energetic transition. While there has been widespread diffusion of the technology, the efficiency of the industrial process would benefit from further research in the identification and quantification of metabolic pathways. This would allow to implement the correct environmental conditions in the reactor and monitor the overall process. This study aims to investigate the isotopic content of biogas and solid fluxes from anaerobic digestion as indicators of this issue. The monitoring and analysis involve a full-scale reactor and 5 lab-scale reactors. 4 were operated in Batch conditions and one in continuous. The inoculum and feeding were taken from the full-scale reactor. The state of the biochemical process was evaluated, and the analysis of stable isotopes (carbon and hydrogen) was performed discontinuously and continuously (RTM: real time monitoring technology). The hydrogenotrophic pathway resulted to be the most active in all analysed cases. Moreover, every sample, except few in the RTM, showed a fractionation factor (αC) greater than 1.065. This value corresponds to the lower limit related to this pathway according to the major literature on the topic [Conrad, 2005; Whiticar et al, 1986, 1999]. The calculations derived from the pilot reactors showed amounts of biomethane produced via CO2 reduction, not lower than 82%. Furthermore, a dependent behaviour between nitrogen (TKN) content in the feeding and hydrogenotrophic activity is detected. The study of the dynamic behaviour of stable isotope proves to be a useful tool in the investigation of microbiological behaviour. Further development and research could allow the implementation of such analysis in the monitoring of the operational conditions of the process.
Il biometano prodotto tramite digestione anaerobica rappresenta un’alternativa all’utilizzo di combustibili fossili, fondamentale in ottica di transizione energetica. L’implementazione di questa tecnologia ha visto un’ampia diffusione ma l’efficientamento dei processi industriali necessita di ulteriore ricerca nell’individuazione e quantificazione delle vie metaboliche al fine di garantire le corrette condizioni nei reattori e monitorare lo stato di processo. Questo studio ha l’obiettivo di indagare il contenuto isotopico del biogas prodotto tramite DA e nelle matrici solide coinvolte al fine di approfondire questo aspetto e indagare possibili correlazioni con i parametri di processo. Sono stati utilizzati dati provenienti da un impianto a piena scala che utilizza rifiuti zootecnici e agricoli e da 5 reattori pilota in laboratorio, 4 dei quali operati in Batch ed uno in Continuo. Questi sono stati alimentati utilizzando inoculo e matrici in alimento provenienti dall’impianto a piena scala. Lo studio analizza lo stato del processo di DA e utilizza analisi di isotopi stabili (carbonio e idrogeno), discontinue e continue. La via metabolica prevalente, in ciascun caso analizzato, risulta essere idrogenotrofa: in particolare, nessun campione, ad eccezione di alcune misurazioni in continuo, risulta avere fattore di frazionamento apparente (αC) inferiore a 1.065, limite inferiore relativo a questa via secondo la maggior letteratura a riguardo [Conrad, 2005; Whiticar et al, 1986, 1999]. Dalle elaborazioni condotte sui reattori di laboratorio la frazione di metano prodotto tramite questa via non è mai inferiore a 82%. Emerge inoltre una correlazione tra l’attività idrogenotrofa e il contenuto di azoto (TKN) immesso tramite alimentazione. Lo studio della dinamica isotopica si rivela essere uno strumento utile al fine di indagare il comportamento microbiologico e di processo e potrebbe divenire strumento di monitoraggio delle condizioni operative del processo.
Impiego di analisi isotopiche per la determinazione e quantificazione di vie metaboliche nel processo di digestione anaerobica
ZATELLI, PETRA
2024/2025
Abstract
Biomethane production via anaerobic digestion represents an alternative to fossil fuels, playing a key role in the energetic transition. While there has been widespread diffusion of the technology, the efficiency of the industrial process would benefit from further research in the identification and quantification of metabolic pathways. This would allow to implement the correct environmental conditions in the reactor and monitor the overall process. This study aims to investigate the isotopic content of biogas and solid fluxes from anaerobic digestion as indicators of this issue. The monitoring and analysis involve a full-scale reactor and 5 lab-scale reactors. 4 were operated in Batch conditions and one in continuous. The inoculum and feeding were taken from the full-scale reactor. The state of the biochemical process was evaluated, and the analysis of stable isotopes (carbon and hydrogen) was performed discontinuously and continuously (RTM: real time monitoring technology). The hydrogenotrophic pathway resulted to be the most active in all analysed cases. Moreover, every sample, except few in the RTM, showed a fractionation factor (αC) greater than 1.065. This value corresponds to the lower limit related to this pathway according to the major literature on the topic [Conrad, 2005; Whiticar et al, 1986, 1999]. The calculations derived from the pilot reactors showed amounts of biomethane produced via CO2 reduction, not lower than 82%. Furthermore, a dependent behaviour between nitrogen (TKN) content in the feeding and hydrogenotrophic activity is detected. The study of the dynamic behaviour of stable isotope proves to be a useful tool in the investigation of microbiological behaviour. Further development and research could allow the implementation of such analysis in the monitoring of the operational conditions of the process.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2026_04_Zatelli.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: testo tesi
Dimensione
2.54 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.54 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251873