This thesis begins from the fundamental question of living: the domestic space as the primary unit that composes society. My claim is that the dimension of domesticity is directly linked to processes of social segregation and urban peripheralization. The way people live in the city is diverse, depending on the area and the building that they can afford. My research takes the city of Milan as a case study of “Unequal cities” (Cucca, Ranci 2017), that represents the extreme social polarization causing social disparity. Milan’s periphery is representing clearly the global process of metropolitan cities of peri-urban growth. An irrational expansion of cities over their boundaries. Gratosoglio is a periphery and it’s always been like that, even before the project of BBPR studio that framed it in a clearer global network of peripheral autonomous neighborhoods (or satellite neighborhoods). This utopian typology of urban design, originated from the Unitè d’Habitation idea by Le Corbusier, influenced the design of BBPR, inspiring to create an autonomous community. In this paper I will focus on this project; part of the “new periphery” (Bernacchi 1977) designed by BBPR studio. Gratosoglio was interested by a policy of public housing held by Istituto Autonomo Case Popolari (IACP), from 1962 to 1965. It was part of a wider intervention by this institution to provide housing for working class citizens and so it has been since then an important piece of the “public city” map. Through a mixed methodology of site visits and bibliographical research, i will try to paint the picture of the current situation of living in the Gratosoglio. How is the urban planning and the architecture influencing life of its inhabitants. Is there a sense of community of this neighborhood? Is there any community at all in nowadays metropolitan cities? The goal of the research is to approach the topic of periphery from a new perspective, focusing deeply on life of people, instead of planning of spaces. Focusing on domestic space is a way to enter in people’s houses and to see how real and tangible are the critical aspects of poor planning and how they reflect on communities and individuals. Public housing, since it’s built by institutions, somehow represents (or should represent) the quintessence of people’s needs in their society. This is very often not the case, due to poor maintenance and poor planning. The Gratosoglio neighborhood represents a great example of the definition of the three categories of people that inhabit public housing: private owners, tenants and occupants. These three categories have different interests and need that sometimes clash with each other, but they share many things as well. What can we do, as architects, to deal with problems of public housing and peripheries? I think that the right approach is to work on the community growth and on the space of domesticity, to create a more equal environment of social equality.
Questa tesi prende avvio dalla questione fondamentale dell’abitare, inteso come spazio domestico quale unità primaria che compone la società. L’ipotesi di partenza è che la dimensione della domesticità sia direttamente connessa ai processi di segregazione sociale e di periferizzazione urbana. Le modalità dell’abitare in città risultano infatti eterogenee e profondamente condizionate dall’area di insediamento e dalla tipologia edilizia accessibile in relazione alle possibilità economiche degli individui. La ricerca assume la città di Milano come caso studio di “città diseguale” (Cucca, Ranci 2017), emblema di una polarizzazione sociale estrema che genera marcate disparità. La periferia milanese rappresenta in modo evidente un processo globale che interessa molte metropoli contemporanee: una crescita periurbana che si configura come espansione irrazionale oltre i confini consolidati della città. Gratosoglio costituisce una realtà periferica da sempre, già prima dell’intervento dello studio BBPR, che la ha inserita in una più ampia rete di quartieri autonomi periferici, concepiti come quartieri-satellite. Questa tipologia urbanistica, di matrice utopica e derivante dall’idea dell’Unità d’Abitazione di Le Corbusier, influenzò profondamente il progetto del BBPR, orientato alla creazione di una comunità autosufficiente. Il presente lavoro si concentra su tale intervento, parte della cosiddetta “nuova periferia” (Bernacchi 1977), progettata dallo studio BBPR. Il quartiere di Gratosoglio fu oggetto, tra il 1962 e il 1965, di una politica di edilizia residenziale pubblica promossa dall’Istituto Autonomo Case Popolari (IACP), inserita in un più ampio programma volto a garantire alloggi alla classe lavoratrice. Da allora, esso rappresenta un tassello significativo della mappa della “città pubblica”. Attraverso una metodologia mista, che integra sopralluoghi e ricerca bibliografica, la tesi intende delineare il quadro attuale delle condizioni dell’abitare a Gratosoglio. In che modo l’impianto urbanistico e le scelte architettoniche influenzano la vita dei suoi abitanti? È ancora rintracciabile un senso di comunità nel quartiere? È possibile parlare di comunità nelle metropoli contemporanee? L’obiettivo della ricerca è affrontare il tema della periferia da una prospettiva differente, ponendo al centro non tanto la pianificazione degli spazi quanto la vita quotidiana delle persone. L’attenzione allo spazio domestico costituisce una modalità per entrare simbolicamente nelle abitazioni e verificare quanto gli aspetti critici di una pianificazione carente siano concreti e tangibili, nonché come essi si riflettano sulle dinamiche comunitarie e individuali. L’edilizia residenziale pubblica, in quanto promossa dalle istituzioni, dovrebbe rappresentare l’espressione più compiuta dei bisogni collettivi; tuttavia, ciò spesso non avviene a causa di carenze manutentive e progettuali. Il quartiere di Gratosoglio costituisce un caso esemplare per analizzare la compresenza di tre categorie di abitanti dell’edilizia pubblica: proprietari privati, assegnatari in locazione e occupanti. Tali gruppi presentano interessi e necessità differenti, talvolta conflittuali, pur condividendo spazi, infrastrutture e condizioni di vita. Quale può essere, dunque, il ruolo dell’architetto di fronte alle criticità dell’edilizia pubblica e delle periferie? La presente ricerca sostiene che un approccio efficace debba orientarsi verso il rafforzamento delle comunità e la valorizzazione dello spazio domestico, al fine di promuovere un ambiente più equo e una maggiore giustizia sociale.
Future domestic living : Gratosoglio as a paradigm for social regeneration
Braghini, Stefano
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis begins from the fundamental question of living: the domestic space as the primary unit that composes society. My claim is that the dimension of domesticity is directly linked to processes of social segregation and urban peripheralization. The way people live in the city is diverse, depending on the area and the building that they can afford. My research takes the city of Milan as a case study of “Unequal cities” (Cucca, Ranci 2017), that represents the extreme social polarization causing social disparity. Milan’s periphery is representing clearly the global process of metropolitan cities of peri-urban growth. An irrational expansion of cities over their boundaries. Gratosoglio is a periphery and it’s always been like that, even before the project of BBPR studio that framed it in a clearer global network of peripheral autonomous neighborhoods (or satellite neighborhoods). This utopian typology of urban design, originated from the Unitè d’Habitation idea by Le Corbusier, influenced the design of BBPR, inspiring to create an autonomous community. In this paper I will focus on this project; part of the “new periphery” (Bernacchi 1977) designed by BBPR studio. Gratosoglio was interested by a policy of public housing held by Istituto Autonomo Case Popolari (IACP), from 1962 to 1965. It was part of a wider intervention by this institution to provide housing for working class citizens and so it has been since then an important piece of the “public city” map. Through a mixed methodology of site visits and bibliographical research, i will try to paint the picture of the current situation of living in the Gratosoglio. How is the urban planning and the architecture influencing life of its inhabitants. Is there a sense of community of this neighborhood? Is there any community at all in nowadays metropolitan cities? The goal of the research is to approach the topic of periphery from a new perspective, focusing deeply on life of people, instead of planning of spaces. Focusing on domestic space is a way to enter in people’s houses and to see how real and tangible are the critical aspects of poor planning and how they reflect on communities and individuals. Public housing, since it’s built by institutions, somehow represents (or should represent) the quintessence of people’s needs in their society. This is very often not the case, due to poor maintenance and poor planning. The Gratosoglio neighborhood represents a great example of the definition of the three categories of people that inhabit public housing: private owners, tenants and occupants. These three categories have different interests and need that sometimes clash with each other, but they share many things as well. What can we do, as architects, to deal with problems of public housing and peripheries? I think that the right approach is to work on the community growth and on the space of domesticity, to create a more equal environment of social equality.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251926