Corporate carbon reporting has become a central instrument in the transition toward a low-carbon economy, particularly within the evolving European sustainability regulatory framework. While the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) significantly strengthens disclosure obligations, the measurement and reporting of Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remain particularly challenging due to their extension across complex value chains. Despite increasing academic attention to carbon disclosure, the barriers that constrain firms’ ability to operationalize Scope 3 reporting remain fragmented in the literature. Building on a systematic literature review, this thesis develops an integrated conceptual framework that classifies barriers to Scope 3 emissions reporting into six macro-categories: structural, technical, methodological, organizational and behavioral, economic, and regulatory and institutional barriers. The study adopts an exploratory mixed-method design to collect empirical evidence through structured interviews with sustainability and carbon management professionals operating primarily in large Italian firms. Respondents assess the perceived relevance of identified barriers using Likert-scale evaluations complemented by qualitative reflections. The findings indicate that technical, and regulatory and institutional barriers are perceived as the most salient constraints. No fundamentally new barriers emerged from the qualitative analysis, suggesting satisfactory empirical coverage of the proposed framework. By empirically grounding a literature-based classification of constraints, the study contributes to a more structured understanding of Scope 3 reporting challenges and offers insights for both managerial practice and future research.
La rendicontazione aziendale delle emissioni di carbonio è diventata uno strumento centrale nella transizione verso un’economia a basse emissioni di carbonio, in particolare nell’ambito del quadro normativo europeo in evoluzione in materia di sostenibilità. Sebbene la Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) rafforzi significativamente gli obblighi di disclosure, la misurazione e la rendicontazione delle emissioni di gas a effetto serra (GHG) di Scope 3 rimangono particolarmente complesse a causa della loro estensione lungo catene del valore articolate. Nonostante la crescente attenzione accademica verso la disclosure delle emissioni di carbonio, le barriere che limitano la capacità delle imprese di operazionalizzare la rendicontazione di Scope 3 risultano ancora frammentate in letteratura. Sulla base di una revisione sistematica della letteratura, questa tesi sviluppa un framework concettuale integrato che classifica le barriere alla rendicontazione delle emissioni di Scope 3 in sei macro-categorie: barriere strutturali, tecniche, metodologiche, organizzative e comportamentali, economiche, e regolatorie e istituzionali. Lo studio adotta un disegno di ricerca esplorativo a metodi misti per raccogliere evidenze empiriche attraverso interviste semi strutturate con professionisti della sostenibilità e della gestione del carbonio operanti prevalentemente in grandi imprese italiane. I rispondenti valutano la rilevanza percepita delle barriere identificate mediante scale Likert, integrate da riflessioni qualitative. I risultati indicano che le barriere tecniche nonché regolatorie e istituzionali, sono percepite come i vincoli più rilevanti. Dall’analisi qualitativa non sono emerse nuove barriere di natura sostanziale, suggerendo una copertura empirica soddisfacente del framework proposto. Ancorando empiricamente una classificazione degli ostacoli fondata sulla letteratura, lo studio contribuisce a una comprensione più strutturata delle sfide legate alla rendicontazione di Scope 3 e offre spunti sia per la pratica manageriale sia per la ricerca futura.
Barriers to Scope 3 emissions reporting for companies: a novel framework and an empirical investigation in Italy
Curto, Martina
2025/2026
Abstract
Corporate carbon reporting has become a central instrument in the transition toward a low-carbon economy, particularly within the evolving European sustainability regulatory framework. While the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) significantly strengthens disclosure obligations, the measurement and reporting of Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remain particularly challenging due to their extension across complex value chains. Despite increasing academic attention to carbon disclosure, the barriers that constrain firms’ ability to operationalize Scope 3 reporting remain fragmented in the literature. Building on a systematic literature review, this thesis develops an integrated conceptual framework that classifies barriers to Scope 3 emissions reporting into six macro-categories: structural, technical, methodological, organizational and behavioral, economic, and regulatory and institutional barriers. The study adopts an exploratory mixed-method design to collect empirical evidence through structured interviews with sustainability and carbon management professionals operating primarily in large Italian firms. Respondents assess the perceived relevance of identified barriers using Likert-scale evaluations complemented by qualitative reflections. The findings indicate that technical, and regulatory and institutional barriers are perceived as the most salient constraints. No fundamentally new barriers emerged from the qualitative analysis, suggesting satisfactory empirical coverage of the proposed framework. By empirically grounding a literature-based classification of constraints, the study contributes to a more structured understanding of Scope 3 reporting challenges and offers insights for both managerial practice and future research.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Curto_Executive Summary.pdf
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2026_03_Curto.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252089