Microplastics are emerging contaminants, having dimensions smaller than 5 mm that may induce toxic effects on living organisms. MPs are ubiquitous due to their presence in all the environmental matrices, including watercourse sediments. Moreover, WasteWater Treatment Plants represent accumulation points of MPs as they receive wastewater streams containing various contaminant types, including microplastics. As wastewaters, once treated, are generally discharged into water bodies, there is an urgent need to improve the filtration units of WWTPs, to reduce as much as possible the MPs concentration in natural water bodies. Together with MPs, PFAS are another group of critical contaminants, widely used in different applications due to their chemical stability. PFAS are contained in natural waters and tend to be adsorbed onto sediments, thus influencing their transport in soil, groundwater and surface-water systems. This thesis had two main objectives: analyzing a Surface Filtration Pilot Plant (SFPP) functionality for MPs removal with different wastewaters and filters, and comparing the MPs and silt adsorption potential of PFOS and PFOA. For the filtration study, a SFPP was installed at LIA laboratory of Politecnico di Milano, as part of the European LIFE CASCADE Project. Two different wastewater streams were collected at Alto Seveso WWTP located in Fino Mornasco (Italy), respectively with TSS and MPs concentrations of 39.3 mg/L and 2550 MPs/L, and 8.5 mg/L and 1417 MPs/L. Stainless-steel (20 µm, 75µm, 150 µm and 250 µm) and co-polymeric (10 µm and 5 µm) filters were tested, which provided different results in terms of hydraulic performances and TSS, VSS, COD and MPs removals. For the adsorption study, batch adsorption experiments were implemented to assess whether PFAS adsorption onto MPs was greater, less, or comparable to that onto silt. Using 25 mL of PFOS and PFOA solutions (1 µg/L and 10 µg/L) in contact with 100µg/mL of adsorbents, MPs exhibited a greater adsorption capacity for these contaminants than silt. All the reported results provide valuable foundations for future research, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding on the analyzed topics.
Le microplastiche sono contaminanti emergenti, di dimensioni inferiori a 5 mm che possono indurre effetti tossici sugli organismi viventi. Esse sono composti ubiquitari a causa della loro presenza in tutte le matrici ambientali, inclusi i sedimenti dei corsi d’acqua. Inoltre, gli impianti di trattamento di acque reflue rappresentano punti di accumulo di MPs poiché ricevono acque contenenti varie tipologie di contaminanti, incluse le microplastiche. Poiché le acque reflue, una volta trattate, vengono generalmente scaricate nei corpi idrici, vi è un’urgente necessità di migliorare le unità di filtrazione degli impianti, per ridurre la concentrazione di MPs che sarà contenuta nei corpi idrici. Insieme alle MPs, i PFAS sono un altro gruppo di contaminanti critici, utilizzati in diverse applicazioni grazie alla loro stabilità chimica. I PFAS sono contenuti nelle acque naturali e tendono ad essere adsorbiti sui sedimenti, influenzando il loro trasporto nel suolo, nelle acque sotterranee e superficiali. Questa tesi aveva due obiettivi principali: analizzare la funzionalità di un impianto di filtrazione superficiale (SFPP) per la rimozione di MPs, e confrontare il potenziale di adsorbimento di PFOS e PFOA su MPs e limo. Per lo studio di filtrazione, un SFPP è stato installato presso il laboratorio LIA del Politecnico di Milano, nell’ambito del Progetto Europeo LIFE CASCADE. Le diverse tipologie di acque reflue sono state raccolte presso l’impianto Alto Seveso situato a Fino Mornasco, rispettivamente con concentrazioni di SST e MPs di 39.3 mg/L e 2550 MPs/L, e 8.5 mg/L e 1417 MPs/L. Sono stati testati filtri in acciaio inossidabile (20 µm, 75 µm, 150 µm e 250 µm) e co-polimerici (10 µm e 5 µm), che hanno fornito risultati diversi in termini di prestazioni idrauliche e rimozioni di SST, SSV, COD e MPs. Per lo studio di adsorbimento, sono stati implementati esperimenti di adsorbimento in batch per valutare se l’adsorbimento di PFAS su MPs fosse maggiore, minore o comparabile a quello sul limo. Utilizzando 25 mL di soluzioni di PFOS e PFOA (1 µg/L e 10 µg/L) a contatto con 100 µg/mL di adsorbenti, le MPs hanno mostrato una maggiore capacità di adsorbimento rispetto al limo. Tutti i risultati riportati forniscono preziose basi per il raggiungimento di una comprensione completa dei temi trattati.
Microplastics in aquatic systems: removal by filtration and adsorption of PFAS in comparison to natural sediments
Turati, Martina
2024/2025
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging contaminants, having dimensions smaller than 5 mm that may induce toxic effects on living organisms. MPs are ubiquitous due to their presence in all the environmental matrices, including watercourse sediments. Moreover, WasteWater Treatment Plants represent accumulation points of MPs as they receive wastewater streams containing various contaminant types, including microplastics. As wastewaters, once treated, are generally discharged into water bodies, there is an urgent need to improve the filtration units of WWTPs, to reduce as much as possible the MPs concentration in natural water bodies. Together with MPs, PFAS are another group of critical contaminants, widely used in different applications due to their chemical stability. PFAS are contained in natural waters and tend to be adsorbed onto sediments, thus influencing their transport in soil, groundwater and surface-water systems. This thesis had two main objectives: analyzing a Surface Filtration Pilot Plant (SFPP) functionality for MPs removal with different wastewaters and filters, and comparing the MPs and silt adsorption potential of PFOS and PFOA. For the filtration study, a SFPP was installed at LIA laboratory of Politecnico di Milano, as part of the European LIFE CASCADE Project. Two different wastewater streams were collected at Alto Seveso WWTP located in Fino Mornasco (Italy), respectively with TSS and MPs concentrations of 39.3 mg/L and 2550 MPs/L, and 8.5 mg/L and 1417 MPs/L. Stainless-steel (20 µm, 75µm, 150 µm and 250 µm) and co-polymeric (10 µm and 5 µm) filters were tested, which provided different results in terms of hydraulic performances and TSS, VSS, COD and MPs removals. For the adsorption study, batch adsorption experiments were implemented to assess whether PFAS adsorption onto MPs was greater, less, or comparable to that onto silt. Using 25 mL of PFOS and PFOA solutions (1 µg/L and 10 µg/L) in contact with 100µg/mL of adsorbents, MPs exhibited a greater adsorption capacity for these contaminants than silt. All the reported results provide valuable foundations for future research, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding on the analyzed topics.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2026_03_Turati_Tesi.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Descrizione: Tesi
Dimensione
28.44 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
28.44 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
|
2026_03_Turati_Executive Summary.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Descrizione: Executive Summary
Dimensione
80.06 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
80.06 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252108