This thesis addresses the radiological characterization of 93Mo, a Hard to Measure (HTM) radionuclide produced by neutron activation in structural materials of nuclear reactors, especially in stainless steel. It contributes to the long-term radiotoxicity of Low and Intermediate Level Waste due to its relatively long half-life and high biosphere mobility of molybdates. 93Mo decays purely by electron capture in 93mNb, which is one of the main interfering radionuclides in the radiometric determination of 93Mo; thus, radiochemical separation is required. The primary objective of this work was to develop a rapid, cost effective and selective separation method utilizing a newly developed selective resin functionalized with N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (nBPHA) as ligand. The method aims to improve a previously developed procedure, focusing on the purification step via extraction chromatography. Experimental work involved two main steps: preliminary tests by solvent extraction, to determine the optimal working conditions of nBPHA, and batch extraction chromatography batch to check the efficacy of resins functionalized with nBPHA. In solvent extraction tests, the synergic use of nBPHA as Mo extractant, hydrofluoric acid (HF) and tartaric acid as masking agents for Nb allowed to achieve quantitative Mo recovery and highly selective separation from Nb. Extraction chromatography batch tests also confirmed that a nBPHA-impregnated resin is able to achieve effective and selective separation of Mo towards Nb and other metallic interfering nuclides, like Fe, Ni, Co. Moreover, extraction kinetics is rapid, reaching extraction equilibrium within 18 minutes. A Mo recovery yield higher than 90% was accompanied by a decontamination factor of Nb around 20. Therefore, the developed selective resin provides a promising tool for the routine radiological characterization of 93Mo in decommissioning projects. Future developments will aim to validate the full protocol using real samples containing radioactive 93Mo to be measured via LSC.
Questa tesi affronta la caratterizzazione radiologica del93Mo, un radionuclide hard-to-measure (HTM) prodotto per attivazione neutronica nei materiali strutturali dei reattori nucleari, specialmente nell’acciaio inossidabile. Esso contribuisce alla radiotossicità a lungo termine dei rifiuti radioattivi a causa della sua lunga emivita e dell’elevata mobilità nella biosfera dei molibdati. Il 93Mo decade per cattura elettronica pura in 93mNb, uno dei principali radionuclidi interferenti, per cui la separazione radiochimica è necessaria. L’obiettivo primario di questo lavoro è lo sviluppo di un metodo di separazione rapido, economico e selettivo utilizzando una resina selettiva di nuova concezione funzionalizzata con N-Benzoil-N-fenilidrossilammina (nBPHA). Il metodo mira a migliorare una procedura precedentemente sviluppata, concentrandosi sulla fase di purificazione tramite estrazione cromatografica. Il lavoro sperimentale ha coinvolto: test preliminari di estrazione con solvente, per determinare le condizioni di lavoro ottimali della nBPHA, e test in batch di estrazione cromatografica per verificare l’efficacia delle resine funzionalizzate con nBPHA. Nei test di estrazione con solvente, l’uso sinergico della nBPHA come estraente per il Mo e dell’acido fluoridrico (HF) e dell’acido tartarico come agenti mascheranti per il Nb ha permesso un recupero quantitativo e selettivo del Mo. I test in batch di estrazione cromatografica hanno confermato che la resina impregnata con nBPHA è in grado di ottenere una separazione efficace e selettiva del Mo verso il Nb e altri nuclidi metallici interferenti, come Fe, Ni, Co. Inoltre, la cinetica di estrazione è rapida, con resa di recupero del Mo superiore al 90% e fattore di decontaminazione del Nb di circa 20. Pertanto, la resina selettiva sviluppata fornisce uno strumento promettente per la caratterizzazione radiologica di routine del 93Mo nei progetti di decommissioning. Gli sviluppi futuri mireranno a convalidare l’intero protocollo utilizzando campioni reali contenenti 93Mo da misurare tramite Liquid Scintillation Counting.
A new selective extraction chromatography resin for the radioanalytical characterization of molybdenum
CAPUANO, ANDREA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis addresses the radiological characterization of 93Mo, a Hard to Measure (HTM) radionuclide produced by neutron activation in structural materials of nuclear reactors, especially in stainless steel. It contributes to the long-term radiotoxicity of Low and Intermediate Level Waste due to its relatively long half-life and high biosphere mobility of molybdates. 93Mo decays purely by electron capture in 93mNb, which is one of the main interfering radionuclides in the radiometric determination of 93Mo; thus, radiochemical separation is required. The primary objective of this work was to develop a rapid, cost effective and selective separation method utilizing a newly developed selective resin functionalized with N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (nBPHA) as ligand. The method aims to improve a previously developed procedure, focusing on the purification step via extraction chromatography. Experimental work involved two main steps: preliminary tests by solvent extraction, to determine the optimal working conditions of nBPHA, and batch extraction chromatography batch to check the efficacy of resins functionalized with nBPHA. In solvent extraction tests, the synergic use of nBPHA as Mo extractant, hydrofluoric acid (HF) and tartaric acid as masking agents for Nb allowed to achieve quantitative Mo recovery and highly selective separation from Nb. Extraction chromatography batch tests also confirmed that a nBPHA-impregnated resin is able to achieve effective and selective separation of Mo towards Nb and other metallic interfering nuclides, like Fe, Ni, Co. Moreover, extraction kinetics is rapid, reaching extraction equilibrium within 18 minutes. A Mo recovery yield higher than 90% was accompanied by a decontamination factor of Nb around 20. Therefore, the developed selective resin provides a promising tool for the routine radiological characterization of 93Mo in decommissioning projects. Future developments will aim to validate the full protocol using real samples containing radioactive 93Mo to be measured via LSC.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Executive_Summary_AC_final.pdf
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Thesis_AC_final.pdf
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Descrizione: Thesis
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252111