Taq Kasra (Ayvān-e Kesrā), the monumental vaulted hall of the Sasanian palace complex at Ctesiphon (al-Madāin, near modern Salman Pak, Iraq), is one of the most remarkable surviving works of late antique architecture and engineering. Once an imperial masterpiece, it now endures largely at the mercy of time, still standing, but increasingly like the ghost of its former wholeness, exposed to structural fragility, uneven protection, and a political context that repeatedly interrupts sustained care. These conditions have limited long-term conservation and delayed progress toward UNESCO World Heritage inscription. This thesis argues that Taq Kasra possesses Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) and that its protection requires an approach that understands the site not only as an architectural monument, but also as a layered geopolitical and cultural landscape shaped by conflict, shifting sovereignties, and competing narratives. The research develops an interdisciplinary framework integrating three dimensions: (1) historical and territorial context, positioning Ctesiphon as an imperial capital and strategic corridor across successive periods; (2) architectural and structural analysis, with particular attention to the vault’s unprecedented span, material logic, and construction within the Mesopotamian brick-vaulting tradition; and (3) the monument’s afterlife, tracing how conquest, abandonment, rediscovery, documentation, and modern interventions have shaped both its meanings and physical condition. Through a UNESCO-based assessment of criteria, integrity, authenticity, and comparative significance, the thesis proposes a Strategy of Actions focused on the political complexity surrounding the site. It ultimately reframes Taq Kasra as shared heritage and outlines a practical path from contested monument to protected cultural legacy.
Taq Kasra (Ayvān-e Kesrā), la monumentale sala voltata del complesso palaziale sasanide di Ctesifonte (al-Madāin, nei pressi dell’attuale Salman Pak, Iraq), rappresenta una delle più straordinarie testimonianze sopravvissute dell’architettura e dell’ingegneria della tarda antichità. Un tempo capolavoro imperiale, oggi resiste in gran parte alla mercé del tempo, ancora in piedi, ma sempre più simile al fantasma della propria grandezza, esposto a fragilità strutturali, a una tutela discontinua e a un contesto politico che interrompe ripetutamente ogni tentativo di cura sistematica. Queste condizioni hanno limitato una conservazione duratura e rallentato il percorso verso l’iscrizione nella Lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell’UNESCO. La presente tesi sostiene che Taq Kasra possieda un Valore Universale Eccezionale (Outstanding Universal Value, OUV) e che la sua protezione richieda un approccio capace di considerare il sito non soltanto come monumento architettonico, ma come paesaggio geopolitico e culturale stratificato, modellato da conflitti, sovranità mutevoli e narrazioni concorrenti. La ricerca sviluppa un quadro interdisciplinare articolato su tre dimensioni: (1) il contesto storico e territoriale, che colloca Ctesifonte come capitale imperiale e corridoio strategico attraverso epoche successive; (2) l’analisi architettonica e strutturale, con particolare attenzione alla luce senza precedenti della volta, alla logica dei materiali e alle tecniche costruttive all’interno della tradizione mesopotamica delle volte in laterizio; e (3) l’“afterlife” del monumento, tracciando come conquista, abbandono, riscoperta, documentazione e interventi moderni abbiano progressivamente ridefinito sia i suoi significati sia la sua condizione fisica. Attraverso una valutazione fondata sui criteri UNESCO, integrità, autenticità e significato comparativo, la tesi propone una Strategia di Azione centrata sulla complessità politica che circonda il sito. Essa riformula infine Taq Kasra come patrimonio condiviso e delinea un percorso concreto per trasformare un monumento conteso in un’eredità culturale tutelata.
The Ghost as a witness : the arch of Taq Kasra and the afterlife of an empire: shedding light on the historical, geopolitical, and architectural exceptional character towards institutional protection and Unesco world heritage inscription
Javan Mojarad, Yalda
2024/2025
Abstract
Taq Kasra (Ayvān-e Kesrā), the monumental vaulted hall of the Sasanian palace complex at Ctesiphon (al-Madāin, near modern Salman Pak, Iraq), is one of the most remarkable surviving works of late antique architecture and engineering. Once an imperial masterpiece, it now endures largely at the mercy of time, still standing, but increasingly like the ghost of its former wholeness, exposed to structural fragility, uneven protection, and a political context that repeatedly interrupts sustained care. These conditions have limited long-term conservation and delayed progress toward UNESCO World Heritage inscription. This thesis argues that Taq Kasra possesses Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) and that its protection requires an approach that understands the site not only as an architectural monument, but also as a layered geopolitical and cultural landscape shaped by conflict, shifting sovereignties, and competing narratives. The research develops an interdisciplinary framework integrating three dimensions: (1) historical and territorial context, positioning Ctesiphon as an imperial capital and strategic corridor across successive periods; (2) architectural and structural analysis, with particular attention to the vault’s unprecedented span, material logic, and construction within the Mesopotamian brick-vaulting tradition; and (3) the monument’s afterlife, tracing how conquest, abandonment, rediscovery, documentation, and modern interventions have shaped both its meanings and physical condition. Through a UNESCO-based assessment of criteria, integrity, authenticity, and comparative significance, the thesis proposes a Strategy of Actions focused on the political complexity surrounding the site. It ultimately reframes Taq Kasra as shared heritage and outlines a practical path from contested monument to protected cultural legacy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_JavanMojarad_Thesis_Boards.pdf
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2026_03_JavanMojarad_Thesis_Books.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252185