Stroke is a cerebrovascular event that leads to neuronal damage or death and to the loss of the functions controlled by the affected neurons. In this work, stroke is examined in its two main forms: ischemic and hemorrhagic. A strong correlation is highlighted between the damaged brain area, the impaired physiological function, and the involved blood vessel. Attention is then directed to the primary causes of stroke and the various associated risk factors. The introduction concludes with an overview of the main consequences of stroke, with particular emphasis on the social and psychological impact related to residual disabil- ity. Such disability often affects fine motor skills, especially the use of the hand and fingers, which are essential for performing daily activities and for maintaining patient self-sufficiency. The recovery of fundamental hand functions, such as precision grip and power grip, represents the main focus of this work. This thesis subsequently explains the potential of active rehabilitation and emphasizes the importance of patient involvement during the recovery process of hand control. Mirror neurons are discussed as a key element in active rehabilitative processes. The state of the art of hand exoskeletons is then presented through the analysis of two representative and validated devices, highlighting their role as effective tools for rehabili- tation. Finally, a personal project involving a low-cost hand exoskeleton is introduced. The device is designed to enable effective and efficient rehabilitation, suitable for use both under the supervision of a physiotherapist and independently by the patient. The ultimate goal is to guide the patient toward an improved quality of life, greater independence, and the ability to return to performing simple yet essential daily activities with full autonomy.
L’ictus è un evento cerebro-vascolare che porta al danneggiamento o morte dei neuroni e perdita delle funzioni da essi governate. Viene qui approfondito nelle sue due versioni: ischemico ed emorragico. Segue una importante correlazione tra area del cervello danneg- giata, funzione fisiologica intaccata e vaso coinvolto. Segue una sensibilizzazione sulle cause principali e i vari fattori di rischio. L’introduzione all’ictus si conclude con un’esposizione delle principali conseguenze con un focus sulle conseguenze che questo evento ha a livello sociale e psicologico legate ad una invalid- ità residua che spesso coinvolge i movimenti più fini quali l’uso della mano e delle dita che risultano fondamentali nello svolgimento delle attività quotidiane e al mantenimento dell’autosufficienza del paziente. Il recupero dei controlli fondamentali della mano quali presa di precisione e presa di forza sono il principale focus. In questa tesi viene segue viene spiegato il potenziale di una riabilitazione attiva e dell’importanza del coinvolgimento del paziente durante il percorso di recupero del con- trollo della mano. Vengono citati i neuroni specchio: elemento chiave del processo riabil- itativo attivo. Viene in seguito esposto, utilizzando due validi prodotti, lo stato dell’arte degli esoscheletri per la mano: importanti strumenti che offrono un’efficace soluzione per la riabilitazione. Viene infine presentato il progetto personale di un esoscheletro a basso costo pensato per permettere al paziente una riabilitazione efficace ed efficiente, utilizzabile sia in presenza di un fisioterapista che guida il percorso sia in proprio. L’obiettivo è quello di accompagnare il paziente verso un aumento della qualità della vita, una maggiore indipendenza e permettergli di tornare a svolgere le semplici quanto fonda- mentali attività quotidiane in totale autonomia.
Exoskeltons for an active post-stroke hand rehabilitation
Buraschi, Simone
2024/2025
Abstract
Stroke is a cerebrovascular event that leads to neuronal damage or death and to the loss of the functions controlled by the affected neurons. In this work, stroke is examined in its two main forms: ischemic and hemorrhagic. A strong correlation is highlighted between the damaged brain area, the impaired physiological function, and the involved blood vessel. Attention is then directed to the primary causes of stroke and the various associated risk factors. The introduction concludes with an overview of the main consequences of stroke, with particular emphasis on the social and psychological impact related to residual disabil- ity. Such disability often affects fine motor skills, especially the use of the hand and fingers, which are essential for performing daily activities and for maintaining patient self-sufficiency. The recovery of fundamental hand functions, such as precision grip and power grip, represents the main focus of this work. This thesis subsequently explains the potential of active rehabilitation and emphasizes the importance of patient involvement during the recovery process of hand control. Mirror neurons are discussed as a key element in active rehabilitative processes. The state of the art of hand exoskeletons is then presented through the analysis of two representative and validated devices, highlighting their role as effective tools for rehabili- tation. Finally, a personal project involving a low-cost hand exoskeleton is introduced. The device is designed to enable effective and efficient rehabilitation, suitable for use both under the supervision of a physiotherapist and independently by the patient. The ultimate goal is to guide the patient toward an improved quality of life, greater independence, and the ability to return to performing simple yet essential daily activities with full autonomy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Buraschi_Executive_Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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2026_03_Buraschi_Tesi.pdf
solo utenti autorizzati a partire dal 24/02/2027
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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6.86 MB
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6.86 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252224