Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature aging and severe cardiovascular complications. The disease is associated with structural alterations of the nuclear lamina caused by the accumulation of progerin, which modifies nuclear architecture and affects the mechanical response of the nucleus under external loading. In this thesis, it is investigated the intranuclear heterogeneity in healthy (WT) and HGPS nuclei subjected to osmotic compression. Nuclear deformations are reconstructed from live-cell fluorescence microscopy images acquired before and after the controlled loading. The experimental image data were kindly provided by the Biological and Active Materials Lab at McGill University. The constitutive responses of the nucleoplasm and lamina within the nucleus are given by a finite-strain hyperelastic model. Then, an image-based hyperelastic warping technique is applied as an inverse tool to infer stresses and pressure distributions directly from the observed deformations. This framework ensures mechanically admissible deformations and enables quantitative comparison between WT and HGPS nuclei. The results first reveal a compositional heterogeneity, with WT nuclei containing a greater amount of lamina than HGPS, also exhibiting smaller volumetric changes under the same osmotic compression. In addition, a pronounced mechanical heterogeneity exists between the lamina and the nucleoplasm: the lamina sustains higher stresses while undergoing limited volumetric and shape changes, whereas the nucleoplasm is both more deformable and more compressible. In conclusion, we infer that the lamina shear and bulk moduli are approximately twice bigger than those of the nucleoplasm.
La Sindrome di Hutchinson-Gilford, o Progeria (HGPS), è una rara patologia genetica caratterizzata da invecchiamento precoce e gravi complicanze cardiovascolari. La malattia è associata ad alterazioni strutturali della lamina nucleare causate dall’accumulo di progerina, che modifica l’architettura del nucleo e ne influenza la risposta meccanica sotto carichi esterni. In questa tesi viene studiata l’eterogeneità intranucleare in nuclei sani (WT) e HGPS sottoposti a compressione osmotica. Le deformazioni nucleari vengono ricostruite a partire da immagini di microscopia a fluorescenza su cellule vive, acquisite prima e dopo l’applicazione controllata del carico. I dati sperimentali di imaging sono stati gentilmente forniti dal Biological and Active Materials Lab della McGill University. La meccanica nucleare è descritta mediante un modello costitutivo iperelastico, mentre un modello di warping basato su immagini di microscopia confocale viene utilizzato come strumento inverso per determinare campi di sforzo e distribuzioni di pressione direttamente dalle morfologie osservate. Questo approccio garantisce deformazioni meccanicamente ammissibili e consente un confronto quantitativo tra nuclei WT e HGPS. I risultati evidenziano innanzitutto un’eterogeneità nella composizione, con i nuclei WT che contengono una maggiore quantità di lamina rispetto agli HGPS, risultando minori variazioni volumetriche sotto la stessa compressione osmotica. Inoltre, si osserva una marcata eterogeneità meccanica tra la lamina e il nucleoplasma: la lamina sopporta tensioni più elevate pur subendo limitate variazioni volumetriche e di forma, mentre il nucleoplasma è sia più deformabile che maggiormente comprimibile. In conclusione, si deduce che i moduli di taglio e di compressibilità della lamina sono approssimativamente doppi rispetto a quelli del nucleoplasma.
Nonlinear elastic inverse analysis of intranuclear heterogeneity in Hutchison-Gilford Progeria Sindrome from live-cell imaging under osmotic compression
Zois, Simone
2024/2025
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature aging and severe cardiovascular complications. The disease is associated with structural alterations of the nuclear lamina caused by the accumulation of progerin, which modifies nuclear architecture and affects the mechanical response of the nucleus under external loading. In this thesis, it is investigated the intranuclear heterogeneity in healthy (WT) and HGPS nuclei subjected to osmotic compression. Nuclear deformations are reconstructed from live-cell fluorescence microscopy images acquired before and after the controlled loading. The experimental image data were kindly provided by the Biological and Active Materials Lab at McGill University. The constitutive responses of the nucleoplasm and lamina within the nucleus are given by a finite-strain hyperelastic model. Then, an image-based hyperelastic warping technique is applied as an inverse tool to infer stresses and pressure distributions directly from the observed deformations. This framework ensures mechanically admissible deformations and enables quantitative comparison between WT and HGPS nuclei. The results first reveal a compositional heterogeneity, with WT nuclei containing a greater amount of lamina than HGPS, also exhibiting smaller volumetric changes under the same osmotic compression. In addition, a pronounced mechanical heterogeneity exists between the lamina and the nucleoplasm: the lamina sustains higher stresses while undergoing limited volumetric and shape changes, whereas the nucleoplasm is both more deformable and more compressible. In conclusion, we infer that the lamina shear and bulk moduli are approximately twice bigger than those of the nucleoplasm.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Zois.pdf
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2026_03_Zois_Executive_Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252233