Natural hazardous events have always shaped human civilization and the landscapes it inhabits. Wildfires, earthquakes, and tsunamis disrupt both the built and natural environment, leaving behind not only physical destruction but also profound social and cultural rupture. These events remind us that the landscape is not static, but dynamic—continuously negotiated between human intervention and natural forces. In recent decades, and increasingly in the years to come, the recurrence and intensity of such events are expected to rise as a consequence of the global environmental crisis. Climate change has amplified the scale and unpredictability of natural hazards, transforming them from isolated incidents into recurring phenomena that redefine territories and communities. What remains after disaster is not merely ruin, but a fractured landscape—socially, ecologically, and symbolically. Even with preventive mechanisms in place, the magnitude of natural forces often renders human intervention insufficient. The post-disaster environment becomes a vulnerable and transitional space, suspended between memory and reconstruction. Its identity appears disrupted; the characteristics that once defined it are altered or erased. In such circumstances, inhabitants frequently experience a sense of estrangement, as familiar places become unrecognizable. The urgency to rebuild and restore what was lost becomes both an emotional and practical response. Yet, the essence of a place cannot be reinstated through simple replication. Reconstruction that seeks only to erase the traces of destruction risks denying the historical reality embedded in the landscape. The marks left by catastrophe should not be perceived solely as scars to be concealed, but as layers of memory that contribute to the evolving identity of the place. Destruction, therefore, becomes part of the narrative of the landscape—an element that demands acknowledgment rather than erasure. This thesis emerges from the dual nature of fire: as both a destructive and regenerative force. It begins by exploring the symbolic and artistic representations of fire, examining how human culture has historically interpreted this element as a source of transformation, purification, and loss. It then moves toward a critical analysis of major wildfire events worldwide, with a particular focus on Greece and, more specifically, the village of Agia Anna on the island of Evia. Through this case study, the research investigates how post-fire landscapes can be approached not merely as sites of recovery, but as evolving environments in which memory, ecology, and design must coexist. The aim is to explore how landscape intervention can respond to catastrophe in a way that respects both the ecological realities of regeneration and the cultural identity of place.
Gli eventi naturali estremi hanno da sempre modellato la civiltà umana e i paesaggi che essa abita. Incendi boschivi, terremoti e tsunami colpiscono sia l’ambiente costruito sia quello naturale, lasciando dietro di sé non solo distruzione materiale, ma anche profonde conseguenze sociali e culturali. Questi eventi ci ricordano che il paesaggio non è una realtà statica, ma dinamica, in continuo equilibrio tra l’intervento umano e le forze della natura. Negli ultimi decenni, e sempre di più negli anni a venire, la frequenza e l’intensità di questi fenomeni sono destinate ad aumentare a causa della crisi ambientale globale. Il cambiamento climatico ha ampliato la portata e l’imprevedibilità dei rischi naturali, trasformandoli da eventi isolati in fenomeni ricorrenti che ridefiniscono territori e comunità. Ciò che rimane dopo una catastrofe non è soltanto rovina, ma un paesaggio frammentato dal punto di vista sociale, ecologico e simbolico. Anche in presenza di misure di prevenzione, la forza della natura può rendere insufficiente l’intervento umano. L’ambiente post-disastro diventa uno spazio vulnerabile e temporaneo, sospeso tra memoria e ricostruzione. La sua identità appare compromessa: le caratteristiche che lo definivano vengono alterate o cancellate. In queste condizioni, gli abitanti provano spesso un senso di estraneità, poiché i luoghi familiari diventano irriconoscibili. La necessità di ricostruire e di recuperare ciò che è stato perduto rappresenta quindi una risposta sia emotiva sia concreta. Tuttavia, l’essenza di un luogo non può essere ristabilita semplicemente ricostruendo ciò che esisteva prima. Una ricostruzione che mira solo a cancellare le tracce della distruzione rischia di negare la storia stessa del paesaggio. I segni lasciati dalla catastrofe non dovrebbero essere considerati soltanto come cicatrici da nascondere, ma come elementi di memoria che contribuiscono all’identità in evoluzione del luogo. La distruzione diventa così parte della narrazione del paesaggio, un elemento da riconoscere piuttosto che da eliminare. Questa tesi nasce dalla duplice natura del fuoco, inteso sia come forza distruttiva sia come elemento rigenerativo. Il lavoro inizia con un’analisi delle rappresentazioni simboliche e artistiche del fuoco, per comprendere come sia stato interpretato nella storia come fonte di trasformazione, purificazione e perdita. Successivamente, la ricerca si concentra sui principali incendi boschivi a livello globale, con particolare attenzione alla Grecia e al caso del villaggio di Agia Anna, sull’isola di Evia. Attraverso questo caso studio, il progetto esplora come i paesaggi post-incendio possano essere considerati non solo come luoghi da ricostruire, ma come ambienti in evoluzione, nei quali memoria, ecologia e progetto devono convivere. L’obiettivo è indagare come l’architettura del paesaggio possa rispondere alla catastrofe rispettando sia i processi ecologici di rigenerazione sia l’identità culturale del luogo.
The dualism of fire (scapes): the post-fire landscape of Agia Anna
LAZOU, MARIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Natural hazardous events have always shaped human civilization and the landscapes it inhabits. Wildfires, earthquakes, and tsunamis disrupt both the built and natural environment, leaving behind not only physical destruction but also profound social and cultural rupture. These events remind us that the landscape is not static, but dynamic—continuously negotiated between human intervention and natural forces. In recent decades, and increasingly in the years to come, the recurrence and intensity of such events are expected to rise as a consequence of the global environmental crisis. Climate change has amplified the scale and unpredictability of natural hazards, transforming them from isolated incidents into recurring phenomena that redefine territories and communities. What remains after disaster is not merely ruin, but a fractured landscape—socially, ecologically, and symbolically. Even with preventive mechanisms in place, the magnitude of natural forces often renders human intervention insufficient. The post-disaster environment becomes a vulnerable and transitional space, suspended between memory and reconstruction. Its identity appears disrupted; the characteristics that once defined it are altered or erased. In such circumstances, inhabitants frequently experience a sense of estrangement, as familiar places become unrecognizable. The urgency to rebuild and restore what was lost becomes both an emotional and practical response. Yet, the essence of a place cannot be reinstated through simple replication. Reconstruction that seeks only to erase the traces of destruction risks denying the historical reality embedded in the landscape. The marks left by catastrophe should not be perceived solely as scars to be concealed, but as layers of memory that contribute to the evolving identity of the place. Destruction, therefore, becomes part of the narrative of the landscape—an element that demands acknowledgment rather than erasure. This thesis emerges from the dual nature of fire: as both a destructive and regenerative force. It begins by exploring the symbolic and artistic representations of fire, examining how human culture has historically interpreted this element as a source of transformation, purification, and loss. It then moves toward a critical analysis of major wildfire events worldwide, with a particular focus on Greece and, more specifically, the village of Agia Anna on the island of Evia. Through this case study, the research investigates how post-fire landscapes can be approached not merely as sites of recovery, but as evolving environments in which memory, ecology, and design must coexist. The aim is to explore how landscape intervention can respond to catastrophe in a way that respects both the ecological realities of regeneration and the cultural identity of place.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Lazou.pdf
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Descrizione: Booklet containing the complete research of the Master's thesis with title "The dualism of fire (scapes): the post-fire landscape of Agia Anna"
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91.49 MB
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252234