Polarisation has become a defining feature of contemporary online political debate, particularly on social media. Political discussion on these platforms frequently unfolds through “us versus them” dynamics, where collective identities are publicly performed and reinforced. Platform features and engagement logics structure participation around opposition and alignment, contributing to persistent polarising patterns within digital communities. This thesis examines how interaction design contributes to the construction of political subjectivities within such environments. It approaches design as inherently political in that it shapes the conditions of visibility and participation that organise collective life. Drawing on post-human and relational ontologies, the study conceptualises political subjectivity as constituted through relations between human actors, technological systems, and institutional infrastructures. Within this perspective, users are understood as formed within socio-technical networks rather than as fixed autonomous individuals. The research adopts a qualitative comparative case-study methodology, analysing Twitter/X and vTaiwan as contrasting digital infrastructures. Through six analytical axes (identity logic, user agency, relationality, interaction modality, algorithmic logic, and temporality) the study investigates how different interaction architectures shape participation and deliberative dynamics. Building on this inquiry, the thesis outlines six relational design orientations for political deliberation, forming a conceptual framework that translates analytical insights into lenses for interaction design practice. The framework is further examined through exploratory workshops with policy advisors and designers. The thesis contributes to Digital and Interaction Design by positioning it as a constitutive dimension of political environments and by advancing a relational framework for examining how digital infrastructures may support plural and deliberative forms of collective coexistence beyond identity-centred polarising dynamics.
La polarizzazione rappresenta una dinamica centrale del dibattito politico online contemporaneo, in particolare sui social media. La discussione su queste piattaforme si sviluppa spesso attraverso logiche di “noi contro loro”, in cui le identità collettive vengono pubblicamente rappresentate e rafforzate. Le funzionalità e le logiche di engagement strutturano la partecipazione attorno a meccanismi di opposizione e allineamento, contribuendo alla stabilizzazione di modelli polarizzanti nelle comunità digitali. Questa tesi indaga il ruolo dell’interaction design nella costruzione delle soggettività politiche in tali contesti. Il design è considerato intrinsecamente politico in quanto configura le modalità attraverso cui i soggetti si rendono visibili e partecipano alla sfera pubblica digitale. Radicata nelle ontologie post-umane e relazionali, la ricerca concepisce la soggettività politica come costituita dalle relazioni tra attori umani, tecnologie e assetti istituzionali. In questa prospettiva, l’utente è inteso come un soggetto relazionale che prende forma nelle interazioni con attori umani e non umani, tecnologie e infrastrutture. La ricerca adotta una metodologia qualitativa comparativa, analizzando Twitter/X e vTaiwan come infrastrutture digitali contrastanti. Attraverso sei assi analitici (logica dell’identità, agency dell’utente, relazionalità, modalità di interazione, logica algoritmica e temporalità) lo studio esamina come differenti architetture strutturino la partecipazione e le dinamiche deliberative. A partire da questa analisi, la tesi elabora sei orientamenti progettuali relazionali per la deliberazione politica, che costituiscono un framework concettuale per l’interaction design. Il contributo della tesi consiste nel posizionare il design come dimensione costitutiva degli ambienti politici e nel proporre uno strumento analitico per indagare come le infrastrutture digitali possano sostenere forme plurali e deliberative di coesistenza collettiva, andando oltre a dinamiche polarizzanti centrate sull’identità.
Designing the We: reconfiguring political subjectivities in polarised digital environments
Di Bella, Clara
2024/2025
Abstract
Polarisation has become a defining feature of contemporary online political debate, particularly on social media. Political discussion on these platforms frequently unfolds through “us versus them” dynamics, where collective identities are publicly performed and reinforced. Platform features and engagement logics structure participation around opposition and alignment, contributing to persistent polarising patterns within digital communities. This thesis examines how interaction design contributes to the construction of political subjectivities within such environments. It approaches design as inherently political in that it shapes the conditions of visibility and participation that organise collective life. Drawing on post-human and relational ontologies, the study conceptualises political subjectivity as constituted through relations between human actors, technological systems, and institutional infrastructures. Within this perspective, users are understood as formed within socio-technical networks rather than as fixed autonomous individuals. The research adopts a qualitative comparative case-study methodology, analysing Twitter/X and vTaiwan as contrasting digital infrastructures. Through six analytical axes (identity logic, user agency, relationality, interaction modality, algorithmic logic, and temporality) the study investigates how different interaction architectures shape participation and deliberative dynamics. Building on this inquiry, the thesis outlines six relational design orientations for political deliberation, forming a conceptual framework that translates analytical insights into lenses for interaction design practice. The framework is further examined through exploratory workshops with policy advisors and designers. The thesis contributes to Digital and Interaction Design by positioning it as a constitutive dimension of political environments and by advancing a relational framework for examining how digital infrastructures may support plural and deliberative forms of collective coexistence beyond identity-centred polarising dynamics.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_3_Di_Bella.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252319