This thesis is part of a study on the deployment of solar sails, with particular reference to origami-based systems for lightweight and highly compressible membranes. The aim of the work is to develop a reduced numerical model, based on the Bar–Hinge framework implemented in MERLIN2, capable of integrating shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators into a multi-cell Miura–Ori structure, offering a computationally efficient alternative to traditional FEM analyses. After a kinematic and mechanical characterization of the Miura–Ori pattern in multi-cell configurations, two actuation strategies were analyzed: a displacement-controlled configuration, adopted as a numerically robust reference for the identification of optimal activation patterns, and a thermally-integrated formulation, in which the constitutive response of SMA torsional wires (TSW) was incorporated directly into the non-linear equilibrium of the system. A one-dimensional constitutive model in torsion was developed to describe the torque–rotation relationship as a function of temperature-induced phase transformation, allowing for consistent coupling between actuator response and film fold stiffness. A procedure has been implemented to maximize the degree of deployment in multi-cell configurations, aimed at reducing the number of actuators and defining their optimal spatial distribution. The results highlight a compromise between computational robustness and physical consistency: the displacement-controlled approach is more efficient for preliminary studies, while the thermo-integrated formulation allows for more realistic and distributed implementation, although with greater numerical complexity. The work demonstrates the extension of the Bar–Hinge model to a design platform for morphing origami structures applicable not only to solar sails, but also to parabolic antennas, radiators and reconfigurable space systems.
La presente tesi si inserisce nel contesto dello studio del dispiegamento delle vele solari, con particolare riferimento ai sistemi origami-based per membrane leggere e altamente comprimibili. L’obiettivo del lavoro è lo sviluppo di un modello numerico ridotto, basato sul framework Bar–Hinge implementato in MERLIN2, capace di integrare attuatori in lega a memoria di forma (SMA) in una struttura Miura–Ori multi-cella, proponendosi come alternativa computazionalmente efficiente alle tradizionali analisi FEM. Dopo una caratterizzazione cinematica e meccanica del pattern Miura–Ori in configurazioni multicella, sono state analizzate due strategie di attuazione: una configurazione displacement-controlled, adottata come riferimento numericamente robusto per l’identificazione dei pattern di attivazione ottimali, e una formulazione thermally-integrated, in cui la risposta costitutiva di fili torsionali SMA (TSW) è stata incorporata direttamente nell’equilibrio non lineare del sistema. È stato sviluppato un modello costitutivo monodimensionale in torsione per descrivere la relazione coppia–rotazione in funzione della trasformazione di fase indotta dalla temperatura, consentendo l’accoppiamento coerente tra risposta dell’attuatore e rigidezza delle pieghe del film. Per massimizzare il grado di deployment nelle configurazioni multi-cella è stata implementata una procedura di ottimizzazione finalizzata alla riduzione del numero di attuatori e alla definizione della loro distribuzione spaziale ottimale. I risultati evidenziano un compromesso tra robustezza computazionale e coerenza fisica: l’approccio displacement-controlled risulta più efficiente per studi preliminari, mentre la formulazione termo-integrata consente un’attuazione più realistica e distribuita, a fronte di maggiore complessità numerica. Il lavoro dimostra l’estensione del modello Bar–Hinge quale piattaforma progettuale per strutture origami a topologia variabile, applicabili non solo alle vele solari, ma anche ad antenne paraboliche, radiatori e sistemi spaziali riconfigurabili.
Origami space structures: optimization of SMA actuation for Multi-Cell Miura-Ori Solar Sail deployment using Bar-Hinge model
Losito, Riccardo
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis is part of a study on the deployment of solar sails, with particular reference to origami-based systems for lightweight and highly compressible membranes. The aim of the work is to develop a reduced numerical model, based on the Bar–Hinge framework implemented in MERLIN2, capable of integrating shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators into a multi-cell Miura–Ori structure, offering a computationally efficient alternative to traditional FEM analyses. After a kinematic and mechanical characterization of the Miura–Ori pattern in multi-cell configurations, two actuation strategies were analyzed: a displacement-controlled configuration, adopted as a numerically robust reference for the identification of optimal activation patterns, and a thermally-integrated formulation, in which the constitutive response of SMA torsional wires (TSW) was incorporated directly into the non-linear equilibrium of the system. A one-dimensional constitutive model in torsion was developed to describe the torque–rotation relationship as a function of temperature-induced phase transformation, allowing for consistent coupling between actuator response and film fold stiffness. A procedure has been implemented to maximize the degree of deployment in multi-cell configurations, aimed at reducing the number of actuators and defining their optimal spatial distribution. The results highlight a compromise between computational robustness and physical consistency: the displacement-controlled approach is more efficient for preliminary studies, while the thermo-integrated formulation allows for more realistic and distributed implementation, although with greater numerical complexity. The work demonstrates the extension of the Bar–Hinge model to a design platform for morphing origami structures applicable not only to solar sails, but also to parabolic antennas, radiators and reconfigurable space systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Riccardo_Losito_Executive_Summary.pdf
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2026_03_Riccardo_Losito_Tesi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252401