Workplace Bullying (WPB) has extensively been investigated by literature in traditional organisational settings, however, its theoretical and analytical examination remains fragmented within Project-Based Organisations (PBOs). This thesis aims to address this gap investigating workplace bullying dimensions, antecedents, consequences and the prevention and protection strategies that can be adopted to counteract it. In order to provide a rigorous and contextualised response within the context of PBOs, a systematic literature review has been made. The search on Scopus database, resulted in the selection of 73 peer-reviewed scientific articles subsequently subjected to content analysis. The results identified WPB as a complex and multi-layered organisational phenomenon characterised by repetition of hostile behaviours occurring weekly for at least six months. These behaviours range from overt acts such as verbal abuse and ridicule to more subtle practices, including social isolation and information withholding. Such covert forms are particularly critical in PBOs, where team cohesion and task interdependence represent structural cornerstones of project performance. Workplace bullying emerges from a constellation of antecedents operating at multiple levels—individual, interpersonal, leadership style, job design, organisational climate, organisational change, and work environment factors—which, when co-present, significantly increase the likelihood of its occurrence. The consequences extend beyond individual psychological harm, cascading from impaired engagement and performance to reduced team cohesion, and diminished organisational efficiency, ultimately affecting overall performance and reputational standing. For these reasons, workplace bullying should be framed as a systemic organisational risk. Effective management therefore requires transversal and multi-level prevention and protection strategies, encompassing formal policies, training initiatives, reporting mechanisms, victim support systems, mediation practices and structured conflict management interventions. Overall, the thesis contributes to the literature by offering a theoretically grounded systematisation of the phenomenon and its contextualisation within PBOs, while also providing operational implications for the design of counteracting strategies in project-oriented organisational contexts.
Il Workplace Bullying (WPB) è stato ampiamente indagato dalla letteratura nei contesti organizzativi tradizionali, tuttavia la sua analisi teorica e analitica rimane frammentaria nell’ambito delle Project-Based Organisations (PBOs). La presente tesi si propone di colmare tale lacuna, analizzando le dimensioni, gli antecedenti, le conseguenze del workplace bullying e le strategie di prevenzione e protezione che possono essere adottate per contrastarlo. Al fine di fornire una risposta rigorosa e contestualizzata nell’ambito delle PBOs, è stata condotta una systematic literature review. La ricerca effettuata nel database Scopus ha portato alla selezione di 73 articoli scientifici peer-reviewed, successivamente sottoposti a content analysis. I risultati hanno identificato il WPB come un fenomeno organizzativo complesso e multilivello, caratterizzato dalla ripetizione di comportamenti ostili con cadenza settimanale per almeno sei mesi. Tali comportamenti spaziano da atti manifesti, quali insulti verbali e ridicolizzazioni, a pratiche più subdole, tra cui l’isolamento sociale e il withholding di informazioni. Queste forme covert risultano particolarmente critiche nelle PBOs, dove la coesione del team e l’interdipendenza dei compiti rappresentano pilastri strutturali della performance progettuale. Il workplace bullying emerge da un insieme di antecedenti operanti a diversi livelli—individuale, interpersonale, leadership style, job design, clima aziendale, cambiamenti aziendali e ambiente di lavoro—che, se co-presenti, aumentano significativamente le probabilità di insorgenza del fenomeno. Le conseguenze non si limitano al danno psicologico individuale, ma si propagano a cascata dal deterioramento dell’engagement e della performance alla riduzione della coesione del team e al calo dell’efficienza organizzativa, incidendo infine sulla performance complessiva e sulla reputazione aziendale. Per tali ragioni, il workplace bullying deve essere inquadrato come un rischio organizzativo sistemico. Una gestione efficace richiede pertanto strategie di prevenzione e protezione trasversali e multilivello, che comprendano policy formali, iniziative di formazione, meccanismi di segnalazione, sistemi di supporto alle vittime, pratiche di mediazione e interventi strutturati di gestione dei conflitti. Nel complesso, la tesi contribuisce alla letteratura offrendo una sistematizzazione teoricamente fondata del fenomeno e la sua contestualizzazione nelle PBOs, fornendo al contempo implicazioni operative per l’individuazione di strategie di contrasto nei contesti organizzativi project-based.
Investigating Workplace Bullying in Project-Based Organisations
DERIU, GIOVANNI
2024/2025
Abstract
Workplace Bullying (WPB) has extensively been investigated by literature in traditional organisational settings, however, its theoretical and analytical examination remains fragmented within Project-Based Organisations (PBOs). This thesis aims to address this gap investigating workplace bullying dimensions, antecedents, consequences and the prevention and protection strategies that can be adopted to counteract it. In order to provide a rigorous and contextualised response within the context of PBOs, a systematic literature review has been made. The search on Scopus database, resulted in the selection of 73 peer-reviewed scientific articles subsequently subjected to content analysis. The results identified WPB as a complex and multi-layered organisational phenomenon characterised by repetition of hostile behaviours occurring weekly for at least six months. These behaviours range from overt acts such as verbal abuse and ridicule to more subtle practices, including social isolation and information withholding. Such covert forms are particularly critical in PBOs, where team cohesion and task interdependence represent structural cornerstones of project performance. Workplace bullying emerges from a constellation of antecedents operating at multiple levels—individual, interpersonal, leadership style, job design, organisational climate, organisational change, and work environment factors—which, when co-present, significantly increase the likelihood of its occurrence. The consequences extend beyond individual psychological harm, cascading from impaired engagement and performance to reduced team cohesion, and diminished organisational efficiency, ultimately affecting overall performance and reputational standing. For these reasons, workplace bullying should be framed as a systemic organisational risk. Effective management therefore requires transversal and multi-level prevention and protection strategies, encompassing formal policies, training initiatives, reporting mechanisms, victim support systems, mediation practices and structured conflict management interventions. Overall, the thesis contributes to the literature by offering a theoretically grounded systematisation of the phenomenon and its contextualisation within PBOs, while also providing operational implications for the design of counteracting strategies in project-oriented organisational contexts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252427