Bridge networks throughout Europe are aging and are increasingly exposed to environmental and geohazard-related stressors, necessitating scalable Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) strategies for effective risk mitigation and maintenance prioritization. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) enables millimeter-level deformation measurements throughout extensive areas without the need for sensor installation on individual structures. This study describes and demonstrates an operational workflow that converts pan-European InSAR products from the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) into applicable, corridor-scale indicators to support bridge screening and prioritization. The method is applied to the SS51 corridor between Longarone and Vittorio Veneto (Veneto, Italy), integrating a GIS-based inventory of 19 bridges with EGMS Basic and Calibrated datasets. Multiple viewing geometries (ascending and descending tracks) and two overlapping observation windows (2018–2022 and 2019–2023) are analyzed. Mean Line-of-Sight (LOS) deformation velocities are estimated from EGMS displacement time series and decomposed into vertical and east–west components by combining ascending and descending observations, assuming negligible north–south motion. To observe evolving actions beyond long-term averages, a practical proxy for acceleration or deceleration is derived by comparing velocity estimates between the two time spans. An uncertainty-aware alert logic, utilizing the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) and uncertainty propagation, is implemented to reduce false alarms in cases of sparse measurement point density. Finally, a bridge-level upscaling rule converts cell-based indicators into a corridor-wide screening output, generating a prioritized shortlist of structures requiring follow-up verification rather than asserting direct damage detection. The results show that the proposed workflow effectively emphasizes localized deformation and trend changes that are consistent across products, geometries, and time windows, therefore supporting targeted inspections and adequate allocation of maintenance resources. Identified limitations comprise those related to LOS geometry, variability in measurement-point density, and threshold calibration. Future work is outlined, including validation with in situ monitoring and increased automation for network-scale deployment.
Le reti di ponti in Europa stanno progressivamente invecchiando e, al contempo, sono esposte a sollecitazioni ambientali e geologiche crescenti; in questo contesto risultano fondamentali strategie di Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) scalabili per mitigare il rischio e priorizzare gli interventi manutentivi. L’InSAR (Interferometric synthetic aperture radar) consente di misurare deformazioni con una sensibilità millimetrica su vaste aree, senza necessità di installare sensori su ogni infrastruttura. Questa tesi propone e dimostra un flusso di lavoro operativo che trasforma i prodotti InSAR EGMS (European Ground Motion Service) in indicatori utili allo screening e alla prioritizzazione dei ponti a scala di corridoio infrastrutturale. La metodologia è applicata al corridoio della SS51 tra Longarone e Vittorio Veneto (Veneto, Italia), integrando l’inventario di 19 ponti in ambiente GIS con i dataset EGMS Basic e Calibrated. Vengono analizzate più geometrie di acquisizione (tracce ascendenti e discendenti) e due finestre temporali parzialmente sovrapposte (2018–2022 e 2019–2023). Le velocità medie lungo la Line-of-Sight (LOS) sono stimate dalle serie temporali di spostamento EGMS e, successivamente, decomposte nelle componenti verticali ed est–ovest, combinando le orbite ascendenti e discendenti, assumendo trascurabile la componente nord–sud. Per evidenziare variazioni oltre alle medie di lungo periodo, viene introdotto un indicatore pratico di accelerazione/decelerazione ottenuto confrontando le velocità tra le due finestre temporali. È implementata una logica di allerta che tiene conto dell’incertezza tramite lo Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) e la propagazione dell’errore, riducendo il rischio di falsi allarmi in presenza di una bassa densità di punti di misura. Infine, una regola di upscaling converte gli indicatori a livello di cella in esiti a livello di ponte, producendo una lista di strutture da verificare mediante ispezioni mirate, senza attribuire direttamente il danneggiamento. I risultati mostrano che il flusso proposto è in grado di individuare segnali deformativi localizzati e variazioni di tendenza, utili per orientare i controlli e ottimizzare le risorse manutentive. La tesi discute inoltre i limiti legati alla geometria LOS, alla variabilità della densità di punti e alla taratura delle soglie, indicando come sviluppi futuri la validazione mediante misure in-situ e una maggiore automazione per applicazioni a scala di rete.
Structural health monitoring of bridge portfolios using InSAR data
Torabi, Amir
2025/2026
Abstract
Bridge networks throughout Europe are aging and are increasingly exposed to environmental and geohazard-related stressors, necessitating scalable Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) strategies for effective risk mitigation and maintenance prioritization. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) enables millimeter-level deformation measurements throughout extensive areas without the need for sensor installation on individual structures. This study describes and demonstrates an operational workflow that converts pan-European InSAR products from the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) into applicable, corridor-scale indicators to support bridge screening and prioritization. The method is applied to the SS51 corridor between Longarone and Vittorio Veneto (Veneto, Italy), integrating a GIS-based inventory of 19 bridges with EGMS Basic and Calibrated datasets. Multiple viewing geometries (ascending and descending tracks) and two overlapping observation windows (2018–2022 and 2019–2023) are analyzed. Mean Line-of-Sight (LOS) deformation velocities are estimated from EGMS displacement time series and decomposed into vertical and east–west components by combining ascending and descending observations, assuming negligible north–south motion. To observe evolving actions beyond long-term averages, a practical proxy for acceleration or deceleration is derived by comparing velocity estimates between the two time spans. An uncertainty-aware alert logic, utilizing the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) and uncertainty propagation, is implemented to reduce false alarms in cases of sparse measurement point density. Finally, a bridge-level upscaling rule converts cell-based indicators into a corridor-wide screening output, generating a prioritized shortlist of structures requiring follow-up verification rather than asserting direct damage detection. The results show that the proposed workflow effectively emphasizes localized deformation and trend changes that are consistent across products, geometries, and time windows, therefore supporting targeted inspections and adequate allocation of maintenance resources. Identified limitations comprise those related to LOS geometry, variability in measurement-point density, and threshold calibration. Future work is outlined, including validation with in situ monitoring and increased automation for network-scale deployment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Torabi.pdf
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Descrizione: Structural Health Monitoring of Bridge Portfolios Using InSAR Data
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252473