Social enterprises are framed in this thesis as a possible solution to the “Co-Evolution Paradox between Entrepreneurial Culture and Growth-Oriented Firms”, which arises in countries marked by severe institutional voids, where the prevalence of less productive forms of entrepreneurial activity reinforces barriers to economic development. Indeed, social enterprises tend to emerge where institutional voids are more severe, as they treat them as opportunity spaces for intervention. However, the same conditions that foster their emergence also constrain their long-term development. As a result, institutional voids simultaneously create the space for SE action and reduce the likelihood of their survival and growth. For this reason, this thesis aims to study (R1) which distinctive enabling factors allow social enterprises to survive and scale in such contexts, and (R2) which of these factors, and through which mechanisms, help reduce institutional voids and thereby weaken the paradox over time. Through a Systematic Literature Review, R1 is answered by clustering the distinctive social enterprises’ enabling factors into (I) hybridness-related characteristics, (II) change-oriented capabilities, and (III) networking engagement effects. This thesis addresses R2 through a two-month Ethnographic Study conducted at Tsara Tsiky, a Malagasy social enterprise operating on the island of Nosy Be. The analysis is based on participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis and provides empirical insights for scholars and practitioners on how each enabling factor can help reduce formal and informal institutional voids, while also highlighting the tensions and trade-offs that may arise in the process.
Le imprese sociali sono interpretate in questa tesi come una possibile risposta al “Co-Evolution Paradox between Entrepreneurial Culture and Growth-Oriented Firms”, che si manifesta nei paesi segnati da gravi vuoti istituzionali, dove la prevalenza di forme meno produttive di attività imprenditoriale rafforza le barriere allo sviluppo economico. In tali contesti, le imprese sociali tendono a emergere dove i vuoti istituzionali sono più gravi, poiché li considerano spazi di opportunità per l’intervento. Tuttavia, le stesse condizioni che ne favoriscono l’emergere ne limitano anche lo sviluppo nel lungo periodo. Di conseguenza, i vuoti istituzionali creano simultaneamente lo spazio per l’azione delle imprese sociali e riducono la probabilità della loro sopravvivenza e crescita. Per questa ragione, la tesi si propone di studiare (R1) quali fattori abilitanti distintivi consentano alle imprese sociali di sopravvivere e scalare in tali contesti e (R2) quali di questi fattori, e attraverso quali meccanismi, contribuiscano a ridurre i vuoti istituzionali e quindi a indebolire il paradosso nel tempo. Attraverso una revisione sistematica della letteratura, la tesi risponde a R1 raggruppando i fattori abilitanti distintivi delle imprese sociali in (I) caratteristiche legate all’ibridità, (II) capacità orientate al cambiamento e (III) effetti di coinvolgimento in reti sociali. La tesi affronta R2 attraverso uno studio etnografico di due mesi condotto presso Tsara Tsiky, un’impresa sociale malgascia attiva sull’isola di Nosy Be. L’analisi si basa su osservazione partecipante, interviste semi-strutturate e analisi documentale e fornisce evidenze empiriche utili a studiosi e operatori del settore su come ciascun fattore abilitante possa contribuire a ridurre i vuoti istituzionali formali e informali, evidenziando al contempo le tensioni e i trade-off che possono emergere nel processo.
Social enterprises in the context of severe institutional voids: how social enterprises engage with the co-evolution paradox between entrepreneurial culture and growth-oriented firms. The Tsara Tsiky case study
Cioli Puviani, Sofia
2024/2025
Abstract
Social enterprises are framed in this thesis as a possible solution to the “Co-Evolution Paradox between Entrepreneurial Culture and Growth-Oriented Firms”, which arises in countries marked by severe institutional voids, where the prevalence of less productive forms of entrepreneurial activity reinforces barriers to economic development. Indeed, social enterprises tend to emerge where institutional voids are more severe, as they treat them as opportunity spaces for intervention. However, the same conditions that foster their emergence also constrain their long-term development. As a result, institutional voids simultaneously create the space for SE action and reduce the likelihood of their survival and growth. For this reason, this thesis aims to study (R1) which distinctive enabling factors allow social enterprises to survive and scale in such contexts, and (R2) which of these factors, and through which mechanisms, help reduce institutional voids and thereby weaken the paradox over time. Through a Systematic Literature Review, R1 is answered by clustering the distinctive social enterprises’ enabling factors into (I) hybridness-related characteristics, (II) change-oriented capabilities, and (III) networking engagement effects. This thesis addresses R2 through a two-month Ethnographic Study conducted at Tsara Tsiky, a Malagasy social enterprise operating on the island of Nosy Be. The analysis is based on participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis and provides empirical insights for scholars and practitioners on how each enabling factor can help reduce formal and informal institutional voids, while also highlighting the tensions and trade-offs that may arise in the process.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Cioli Puviani.pdf
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2026_03_Cioli Puviani_Executive Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252474