India’s urban identity has historically balanced density with intimacy, embedding social life, ritual, and collective memory within domestic space. From courtyard houses and wadas to industrial-era chawls, housing has functioned not merely as shelter but as a cultural and emotional infrastructure. However, contemporary redevelopment models in metropolitan cities such as Mumbai increasingly prioritise efficiency, privatisation, and profit-driven vertical growth, often at the cost of social cohesion and intangible heritage. This thesis investigates Mumbai’s chawls as living repositories of collective memory and spatial intelligence. Originally constructed in the early twentieth century to house mill workers, chawls evolved into dense yet resilient social ecosystems, living heritage environments that thrive under spatial constraint, nurturing intergenerational bonds, mutual aid, and cultural continuity. Corridors, thresholds, and courtyards became active spaces of interaction, negotiation, and care, fostering belonging and emotional resilience through shared routines and porous spatial boundaries. Through qualitative fieldwork, spatial mapping, resident narratives, and theoretical inquiry into environmental psychology and healing design, the research examines how intangible cultural practices are embedded within spatial form. It analyzes how shared galleries, calibrated proximities, visual connectivity, and semi-public interfaces support psychological comfort in high-density contexts. These insights inform a design exploration that reinterprets the chawl as a “healing habitat,” proposing adaptive reuse strategies supported by modular shared infrastructures, responsive lighting systems, communal furniture frameworks, and biophilic interventions. Rather than preserving the chawl as a static typology, this study reframes it as a dynamic model of socio-spatial intelligence. The findings translate into design principles for contemporary collective housing that prioritise emotional health, adaptive privacy, and social resilience, which proposes an architecture of care that transforms density into belonging and reimagines housing as a therapeutic environment for the modern city.
L’identità urbana dell’India ha storicamente saputo bilanciare densità e intimità, integrando vita sociale, ritualità e memoria collettiva nello spazio domestico. Dalle case a corte e dai wada fino alle chawl dell’epoca industriale, l’abitare ha rappresentato non soltanto un riparo fisico, ma un’infrastruttura culturale ed emotiva. Tuttavia, i modelli contemporanei di riqualificazione urbana nelle metropoli come Mumbai privilegiano sempre più efficienza, privatizzazione e crescita verticale orientata al profitto, spesso a discapito della coesione sociale e del patrimonio immateriale. La presente tesi indaga le chawl di Mumbai come viventi di memoria collettiva che agisce nello spazio. Originariamente costruite all’inizio del XX secolo per ospitare gli operai, le chawl si sono evolute in ecosistemi sociali densi ma resilienti—Spazi patrimoniali vivente capaci di prosperare entro vincoli spaziali, favorendo legami intergenerazionali, mutuo aiuto e continuità culturale. Corridoi, soglie e cortili si configurano come spazi attivi di interazione e cura, promuovendo appartenenza e resilienza emotiva attraverso routine condivise e confini porosi. Attraverso un approccio qualitativo basato su sopralluoghi, mappature spaziali, narrazioni degli abitanti e un’indagine teorica nell’ambito della psicologia ambientale e dell’healing design, la ricerca analizza come le pratiche culturali immateriali siano integrate nella forma architettonica. Lo studio esamina inoltre come ballatoi condivisi, prossimità calibrate, connessioni visive e interfacce semi-pubbliche contribuiscano al comfort psicologico nei contesti ad alta densità. Tali riflessioni informano un’esplorazione progettuale che reinterpreta la chawl come “habitat terapeutico”, proponendo strategie di riuso adattivo supportate da infrastrutture modulari condivise, sistemi di illuminazione reattivi, dispositivi di arredo collettivo e interventi biofilici. Piuttosto che preservare la chawl come tipologia statica, lo studio la ridefinisce come modello dinamico di organizzazione socio-spaziale. I risultati vengono tradotti in principi progettuali per l’abitare collettivo contemporaneo, orientati alla salute emotiva, alla privacy adattiva e alla resilienza sociale—proponendo un’architettura della cura capace di trasformare la densità in appartenenza e di ripensare l’abitare come ambiente terapeutico per la città contemporanea.
Between intimacy and togetherness : spatial strategies for collective living in chawl housing
Baradkar, Bhargavi Shirish
2025/2026
Abstract
India’s urban identity has historically balanced density with intimacy, embedding social life, ritual, and collective memory within domestic space. From courtyard houses and wadas to industrial-era chawls, housing has functioned not merely as shelter but as a cultural and emotional infrastructure. However, contemporary redevelopment models in metropolitan cities such as Mumbai increasingly prioritise efficiency, privatisation, and profit-driven vertical growth, often at the cost of social cohesion and intangible heritage. This thesis investigates Mumbai’s chawls as living repositories of collective memory and spatial intelligence. Originally constructed in the early twentieth century to house mill workers, chawls evolved into dense yet resilient social ecosystems, living heritage environments that thrive under spatial constraint, nurturing intergenerational bonds, mutual aid, and cultural continuity. Corridors, thresholds, and courtyards became active spaces of interaction, negotiation, and care, fostering belonging and emotional resilience through shared routines and porous spatial boundaries. Through qualitative fieldwork, spatial mapping, resident narratives, and theoretical inquiry into environmental psychology and healing design, the research examines how intangible cultural practices are embedded within spatial form. It analyzes how shared galleries, calibrated proximities, visual connectivity, and semi-public interfaces support psychological comfort in high-density contexts. These insights inform a design exploration that reinterprets the chawl as a “healing habitat,” proposing adaptive reuse strategies supported by modular shared infrastructures, responsive lighting systems, communal furniture frameworks, and biophilic interventions. Rather than preserving the chawl as a static typology, this study reframes it as a dynamic model of socio-spatial intelligence. The findings translate into design principles for contemporary collective housing that prioritise emotional health, adaptive privacy, and social resilience, which proposes an architecture of care that transforms density into belonging and reimagines housing as a therapeutic environment for the modern city.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252528