The requirement for precise dose delivery techniques in radiation therapy has led to heightened interest in particle therapy with accelerated heavy ion beams. The reason relates to the several physical and radiobiological advantages heavy particles offer, such as the high ballistic precision and their biological effectiveness in treating radio-resistant cancers. However, nuclear fragmentation of the projectile produces mixed radiation fields beyond the target volume, whose simulation with conventional Monte Carlo codes remains a standing issue to this day. In this framework, the European Radiation Dosimetry group (EURADOS) has been promoting in recent years several activities aimed at the characterization of the complex secondary field generated by therapeutic hadron beams. Specifically, an experimental champaign was carried out at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy center (HIT) for the evaluation of the hadron component of the secondary field induced by the irradiation of a 10×10×10 cm3 phantom water volume with 12C and 16O ions. For the purpose, a ∆E-E Monolithic Silicon Telescope was employed for measurements, a double-layered device able to perform ion identification by in-coincidence acquisition of its two stage signals. The experimental set-up was also simulated with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code to test its predictive capabilities. The comparison of simulations with experiments reveals large discrepancies in both fluence and distribution of the several identified fragments.
La necessità in radioterapia di tecniche sempre più precise nella somministrazione della dose ha portato a un crescente interesse verso la terapia con fasci accelerati di ioni pesanti. Il motivo risiede nei numerosi vantaggi fisici e radiobiologici offerti dalle particelle cariche più massive, come l’elevata precisione balistica e la maggiore efficacia biologica nel trattamento di tumori radio-resistenti. Tuttavia, la frammentazione nucleare del proiettile genera campi di radiazione misti oltre il volume bersaglio, la cui simulazione con i codici Monte Carlo convenzionali rappresenta ancora oggi una sfida. In questo contesto, il gruppo European Radiation Dosimetry (EURADOS) ha promosso negli ultimi anni diverse attività finalizzate alla caratterizzazione del complesso campo secondario generato dai fasci terapeutici. In particolare, presso l’Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) è stata condotta una campagna sperimentale per la valutazione della componente adronica del campo secondario indotto dall’irraggiamento su fantoccio d’acqua di un volume pari a 10×10×10 cm3 con ioni 12C e 16O. A tale scopo, per le misure è stato impiegato un telescopio monolitico al Silicio ∆E-E, un dispositivo a doppio strato in grado di effettuare il riconoscimento di particelle cariche tramite l’acquisizione in coincidenza dei segnali dei suoi due stadi. L’apparato sperimentale è stato inoltre simulato mediante il codice Monte Carlo FLUKA per testarne le capacità predittive. Il confronto tra simulazioni ed esperimenti evidenzia ampie discrepanze sia nella fluenza sia nella distribuzione dei frammenti identificati.
Fragments from 12C and 16O therapeutic beams: characterization with a monolithic silicon telescope
Manzi, Lorenzo
2025/2026
Abstract
The requirement for precise dose delivery techniques in radiation therapy has led to heightened interest in particle therapy with accelerated heavy ion beams. The reason relates to the several physical and radiobiological advantages heavy particles offer, such as the high ballistic precision and their biological effectiveness in treating radio-resistant cancers. However, nuclear fragmentation of the projectile produces mixed radiation fields beyond the target volume, whose simulation with conventional Monte Carlo codes remains a standing issue to this day. In this framework, the European Radiation Dosimetry group (EURADOS) has been promoting in recent years several activities aimed at the characterization of the complex secondary field generated by therapeutic hadron beams. Specifically, an experimental champaign was carried out at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy center (HIT) for the evaluation of the hadron component of the secondary field induced by the irradiation of a 10×10×10 cm3 phantom water volume with 12C and 16O ions. For the purpose, a ∆E-E Monolithic Silicon Telescope was employed for measurements, a double-layered device able to perform ion identification by in-coincidence acquisition of its two stage signals. The experimental set-up was also simulated with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code to test its predictive capabilities. The comparison of simulations with experiments reveals large discrepancies in both fluence and distribution of the several identified fragments.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Manzi_TESI.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo Tesi
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2026_03_Manzi_ExecutiveSummary.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo Executive Summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252728