Binder jetting of sand enables the creation of complex molds and cores for metal casting without tooling. However, industries have been slow to adopt binder-jetted sand cores because they do not perform as well under heat and stress as traditional cores. When metal is poured, these cores face both thermal and mechanical forces, which can lead to deformation, veining, and cracking. These issues can lower the quality of the final casting, increase secondary treatment costs, or risk the disposal of the final piece. This thesis explores whether changing the internal structure of binder-jetted sand cores can improve their performance under heat and stress, while also using less binder. The research suggests using lattice-filled core designs, which aim to keep structural strength while reducing the amount of material used. These designs combine strong lattice networks with areas of loose sand to better handle heat. The study has two main parts. First, different lattice designs are created and made using binder jetting, then tested for strength and how well they hold up during handling. These tests include bending, shear, and thermomechanical assessments. Second, casting trials are run to see how the cores deform and what defects appear when used in real pouring conditions. At the same time, the study measures how much binder can be saved with lattice-filled cores. The results show that well-designed lattice structures can keep enough mechanical strength, use less binder, and affect how the core deforms during casting. This research supports a design approach for lattice-filled binder-jetted sand cores that brings together structural design, mechanical testing, and validation focused on defects.
Il binder jetting di sabbia consente la realizzazione di stampi e anime complessi per la fusione dei metalli, senza l’impiego di attrezzature dedicate. Tuttavia, l’adozione industriale delle anime in sabbia prodotte mediante binder jetting è ancora limitata, poiché le loro prestazioni sotto carichi termici e meccanici risultano inferiori rispetto a quelle delle anime tradizionali. Durante la colata, le anime sono soggette a sollecitazioni termiche e meccaniche combinate, che possono causare deformazioni, venature (veining) e criccature. Tali fenomeni possono ridurre la qualità del getto finale, aumentare i costi di finitura o, nei casi più critici, comportare lo scarto del componente. Questa tesi analizza se la modifica della struttura interna delle anime in sabbia prodotte mediante binder jetting possa migliorarne il comportamento termo-meccanico, riducendo al contempo il consumo di legante. La ricerca propone l’impiego di configurazioni interne a reticolo (lattice), finalizzate a mantenere la resistenza strutturale riducendo la quantità di materiale impiegato. Tali configurazioni combinano strutture reticolari portanti con zone di sabbia non legata, al fine di migliorare la risposta termica dell’anima. Lo studio si articola in due fasi principali. In una prima fase, diverse geometrie reticolari vengono progettate, stampate e sottoposte a prove di caratterizzazione meccanica e termomeccanica, per valutarne l’integrità strutturale e la resistenza alla manipolazione. In una seconda fase, vengono condotte prove di colata per analizzare la deformazione delle anime e l’insorgenza di difetti in condizioni operative realistiche. Parallelamente, viene quantificata la riduzione di legante ottenibile con le configurazioni reticolari. I risultati dimostrano che strutture reticolari opportunamente progettate possono garantire un’adeguata resistenza meccanica, ridurre il consumo di legante e migliorare il comportamento dell’anima durante la colata. Il lavoro propone un approccio progettuale integrato per anime in sabbia reticolari prodotte mediante binder jetting, che combina progettazione strutturale, caratterizzazione meccanica e validazione orientata ai difetti di fusione.
Thermomechanical optimization of Binder jet sand cores using advanced printing strategies
LOMBARDI, MATTEO
2024/2025
Abstract
Binder jetting of sand enables the creation of complex molds and cores for metal casting without tooling. However, industries have been slow to adopt binder-jetted sand cores because they do not perform as well under heat and stress as traditional cores. When metal is poured, these cores face both thermal and mechanical forces, which can lead to deformation, veining, and cracking. These issues can lower the quality of the final casting, increase secondary treatment costs, or risk the disposal of the final piece. This thesis explores whether changing the internal structure of binder-jetted sand cores can improve their performance under heat and stress, while also using less binder. The research suggests using lattice-filled core designs, which aim to keep structural strength while reducing the amount of material used. These designs combine strong lattice networks with areas of loose sand to better handle heat. The study has two main parts. First, different lattice designs are created and made using binder jetting, then tested for strength and how well they hold up during handling. These tests include bending, shear, and thermomechanical assessments. Second, casting trials are run to see how the cores deform and what defects appear when used in real pouring conditions. At the same time, the study measures how much binder can be saved with lattice-filled cores. The results show that well-designed lattice structures can keep enough mechanical strength, use less binder, and affect how the core deforms during casting. This research supports a design approach for lattice-filled binder-jetted sand cores that brings together structural design, mechanical testing, and validation focused on defects.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Lombardi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252756