This thesis investigates the compressive behaviour of concrete during the transition from elevated temperature to room temperature, with particular focus on the cooling phase following fire exposure. While conventional fire design approaches primarily address material performance during heating, increasing experimental evidence indicates that significant mechanical degradation may occur during cooling due to irreversible microstructural damage and stress redistribution. To address this gap, a dedicated high-temperature compression testing setup was developed and validated. The system integrates a compact high-capacity hydraulic actuator, a thermally insulated load train, controlled heating elements, and a displacement-controlled measurement system based on quartz rods and a high-resolution LVDT. This configuration enables stable testing both at peak temperature and at selected stages of the cooling path, allowing full stress–strain characterization including post-peak softening behaviour. Experimental results confirm that residual strength during cooling is consistently lower than hot-state strength at the same temperature, highlighting the irreversible nature of thermal damage. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of concrete behaviour under realistic fire scenarios and provide experimental support for the inclusion of cooling-phase effects in post-fire structural assessment and future performance-based fire design approaches.
La presente tesi analizza il comportamento a compressione del calcestruzzo durante la transizione da temperatura elevata a temperatura ambiente, con particolare attenzione alla fase di raffreddamento successiva all’esposizione al fuoco. Mentre gli approcci tradizionali di progettazione in condizioni d’incendio si concentrano prevalentemente sulla fase di riscaldamento, numerose evidenze sperimentali indicano che una significativa degradazione meccanica può verificarsi durante il raffreddamento, a causa di danni microstrutturali irreversibili e di fenomeni di ridistribuzione delle tensioni. Per colmare questa lacuna, è stato sviluppato e validato un sistema sperimentale dedicato per prove di compressione ad alta temperatura. L’impianto integra un attuatore idraulico compatto ad alta capacità, una catena di carico termicamente isolata, un sistema di riscaldamento controllato e un sistema di misura in controllo di spostamento basato su aste in quarzo e su un LVDT ad alta risoluzione. Tale configurazione consente l’esecuzione di prove sia alla temperatura massima raggiunta sia in fasi intermedie del raffreddamento, permettendo la caratterizzazione completa della curva tensione–deformazione, inclusa la fase post-picco. I risultati sperimentali confermano che la resistenza residua durante il raffreddamento risulta inferiore alla resistenza misurata a caldo alla stessa temperatura, evidenziando il carattere irreversibile del danno termico. I risultati contribuiscono a una più approfondita comprensione del comportamento del calcestruzzo in scenari di incendio realistici e forniscono un supporto sperimentale per l’inclusione esplicita della fase di raffreddamento nelle valutazioni post-incendio e nei futuri approcci di progettazione antincendio basati sulle prestazioni.
Development of a test setup for high-temperature compressive testing of concrete
CHAMS, SAID
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates the compressive behaviour of concrete during the transition from elevated temperature to room temperature, with particular focus on the cooling phase following fire exposure. While conventional fire design approaches primarily address material performance during heating, increasing experimental evidence indicates that significant mechanical degradation may occur during cooling due to irreversible microstructural damage and stress redistribution. To address this gap, a dedicated high-temperature compression testing setup was developed and validated. The system integrates a compact high-capacity hydraulic actuator, a thermally insulated load train, controlled heating elements, and a displacement-controlled measurement system based on quartz rods and a high-resolution LVDT. This configuration enables stable testing both at peak temperature and at selected stages of the cooling path, allowing full stress–strain characterization including post-peak softening behaviour. Experimental results confirm that residual strength during cooling is consistently lower than hot-state strength at the same temperature, highlighting the irreversible nature of thermal damage. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of concrete behaviour under realistic fire scenarios and provide experimental support for the inclusion of cooling-phase effects in post-fire structural assessment and future performance-based fire design approaches.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252842