Increasing water scarcity and the implementation of progressively stricter water quality standards demand innovative technologies capable of ensuring efficiency, sustainability, and alignment with circular economy principles. In this context, microalgae-based systems represent a promising alternative for wastewater treatment. However, their capacity to remove organic microcontaminants, such as pesticides, requires further investigation. The present study, therefore, evaluated the resistance of microalgal cultures to commonly used pesticides and their removal potential. Commercial formulations containing cyprodinil, propamocarb, acetamiprid, and azoxystrobin were investigated, as these compounds were identified as predominant in drainage water from tomato greenhouses in Almería (Spain). A culture of Tetradesmus almeriensis was used under batch conditions, maintaining pH at 8 through controlled CO₂ injection. Pesticides were tested individually and in mixtures at different concentrations, with particular focus on typical drainage values. Azoxystrobin showed inhibitory effects on microalgal growth and was therefore not suitable as a model microcontaminant. At drainage concentrations, cyprodinil and acetamiprid did not significantly affect growth, with maximum specific growth rates ranging from 0.700 to 0.775 d⁻¹, comparable to the control. In contrast, propamocarb resulted in lower values (≈0.580 d⁻¹). Cyprodinil removal exceeded 90%, whereas acetamiprid was only partially degraded (20–40%). These findings highlight the potential of microalgae as a remediation strategy for selected pesticides, although further studies are required to clarify removal mechanisms and optimize the process.
La crescente scarsità idrica e l’introduzione di standard qualitativi sempre più stringenti rendono necessario lo sviluppo di tecnologie innovative in grado di garantire efficienza, sostenibilità ed economia circolare. In questo contesto, i sistemi basati su microalghe rappresentano un’alternativa promettente per il trattamento delle acque reflue. Tuttavia, la loro capacità di rimuovere microcontaminanti organici, quali i pesticidi, necessita di ulteriori approfondimenti. In questo studio si è valutata la resistenza di colture microalgali a pesticidi comunemente utilizzati e il loro potenziale di rimozione. Sono stati analizzati pesticidi commerciali contenenti cyprodinil, propamocarb, acetamiprid e azoxystrobin, selezionati in quanto prevalenti nelle acque di drenaggio delle serre di pomodoro di Almería (Spagna). È stata impiegata una coltura di Tetradesmus almeriensis in condizioni batch, mantenendo il pH a 8 mediante iniezione controllata di CO₂. I pesticidi sono stati testati singolarmente e in miscela a diverse concentrazioni, con particolare attenzione alle concentrazioni di drenaggio. L’azoxystrobin ha mostrato effetti inibitori sulla crescita algale, risultando non idoneo come microcontaminante modello. Cyprodinil e acetamiprid, alle concentrazioni di drenaggio, non hanno influenzato significativamente la crescita, con tassi massimi compresi tra 0.700 e 0.775 d⁻¹, simili al controllo. Il propamocarb ha invece determinato valori inferiori (≈0.580 d⁻¹). La rimozione del cyprodinil ha superato il 90%, mentre l’acetamiprid è stato solo parzialmente degradato (20–40%). I risultati evidenziano il potenziale delle microalghe come strategia di rimozione per alcuni pesticidi, pur richiedendo ulteriori studi per approfondire i meccanismi coinvolti e ottimizzare il processo.
Evaluation of microalgae-based systems for pesticides removal from agricultural drainage water
Tallei, Francesca
2024/2025
Abstract
Increasing water scarcity and the implementation of progressively stricter water quality standards demand innovative technologies capable of ensuring efficiency, sustainability, and alignment with circular economy principles. In this context, microalgae-based systems represent a promising alternative for wastewater treatment. However, their capacity to remove organic microcontaminants, such as pesticides, requires further investigation. The present study, therefore, evaluated the resistance of microalgal cultures to commonly used pesticides and their removal potential. Commercial formulations containing cyprodinil, propamocarb, acetamiprid, and azoxystrobin were investigated, as these compounds were identified as predominant in drainage water from tomato greenhouses in Almería (Spain). A culture of Tetradesmus almeriensis was used under batch conditions, maintaining pH at 8 through controlled CO₂ injection. Pesticides were tested individually and in mixtures at different concentrations, with particular focus on typical drainage values. Azoxystrobin showed inhibitory effects on microalgal growth and was therefore not suitable as a model microcontaminant. At drainage concentrations, cyprodinil and acetamiprid did not significantly affect growth, with maximum specific growth rates ranging from 0.700 to 0.775 d⁻¹, comparable to the control. In contrast, propamocarb resulted in lower values (≈0.580 d⁻¹). Cyprodinil removal exceeded 90%, whereas acetamiprid was only partially degraded (20–40%). These findings highlight the potential of microalgae as a remediation strategy for selected pesticides, although further studies are required to clarify removal mechanisms and optimize the process.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252913